分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Argyrosomus: Greek, argyros = silvered, silver + Greek, soma = body (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 15 - 300 m (Ref. 2683). 亞熱帶的; 65°N - 6°S, 23°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norway to Gibraltar and Congo, including the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Migrated to the Red Sea via the Suez Canal.
東大西洋: 挪威到直布羅陀與剛果, 包括地中海與黑海。 經由蘇伊士運河迴游到紅海了。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 80 - ? cm
Max length : 230 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5377); common length : 150 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3593); 最大體重: 103.0 kg (Ref. 11036)
背棘 (總數) : 10 - 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 27 - 29. Rough scales, Second dorsal fin (soft ray) twice as long as first, spiny rayed dorsal fin (Ref. 35388).
鱗片粗糙的, 第二背鰭鰭 (軟的鰭條) 第一個兩倍長於, 刺狀的有鰭條的背鰭.(參考文獻 35388)
Adults are found inshore and shelf waters, close to bottom as well as in surface and mid-waters, pursuing shoals of clupeids and mugilids. They congregate inshore to spawn during spring and summer. Juveniles and sub-adults enter estuaries and coastal lagoons (Ref. 3593). Both adults and juveniles are migratory moving along shore or offshore-onshore in response to temperature change (Ref. 11025). Feed on fishes and swimming crustaceans.
沿海地區與大陸棚水域, 接近底部以及在表面與被追逐的中層水域中鯡魚與鯔科魚類的魚群。 聚集沿海地區到產卵在春天與夏天期間。 稚魚與亞成魚進入河口與岸邊潟湖。 (參考文獻 3593) 成魚和稚魚是迴游的移動沿著海岸或離陸-向陸回應溫度改變.(參考文獻 11025) 吃魚與游泳甲殼動物。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東大西洋: 挪威到直布羅陀與剛果, 包括地中海與黑海。 經由蘇伊士運河迴游到紅海了。
Chao, L.N. and E. Trewavas, 1990. Sciaenidae. p. 813-826. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3593)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 19 February 2020
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.3 - 19.4, mean 15.3 °C (based on 169 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00757 - 0.00914), b=3.07 (3.05 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.75 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.09).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.42, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (79 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18.3 [6.5, 50.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.438 [0.149, 1.307] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [17.5, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.322 [0.172, 0.553] g/100g; Selenium = 34.1 [11.0, 127.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.8 [3.7, 39.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.471 [0.336, 0.696] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
