Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; air tawar; payau dasar (demersal); amphidromus (Ref. 46888). Tropical; 22°C - 29°C (Ref. 36880); 33°N - 5°S, 98°W - 35°W (Ref. 117424)
Western Central Atlantic: Southern Florida and southern Texas in USA to eastern Brazil. Eastern Central Atlantic: Macias Nguema (Fernando Po).
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 11344); common length : 36.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 12193); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 7.5 kg (Ref. 11344)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 7; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 9; Duri dubur: 1; Sirip dubur lunak: 9.
Adults occur in fresh water, often well inland. Found over sand streams, usually in current near cover (Ref. 86798). Inhabits larger free flowing clear water streams (Ref. 11225). They lie mostly on the bottom in slower moving part of streams, sometimes on logs or large stones and on leaf debris or gravel (Ref. 11225). A carnivorous and benthic fish that relies on its sluggish behavior and cryptic coloration (Ref. 36880). Feeds on all greater invertebrates and regularly also fish (Ref. 92840).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: memiliki potensi kepentingan
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.4 - 28.3, mean 27.5 °C (based on 395 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00434 - 0.01667), b=3.04 (2.86 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.57 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
