Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
; المياه العذبة; مياه مخلوطة القاع. Tropical; 25°C - 33°C (Ref. 36880)
North to South America: Pacific slope of California, USA to Peru and at the Galapagos Islands.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 44.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 12193); common length : 25.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 12193)
Inhabits rivers of low to high current velocity and stagnant waters between sea level and 100 m elevation, generally occurs in freshwaters but sometimes in slightly brackish river mouths. More abundant near the coast and only large individuals are found upstream. Benthic species that lies waiting for prey, shrimps and fish under stones or overhanging shorelines (Ref. 36880).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Bussing, W.A., 1998. Peces de las aguas continentales de Costa Rica [Freshwater fishes of Costa Rica]. 2nd Ed. San José Costa Rica: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica. 468 p. (Ref. 36880)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
استخدامات بشرية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00493 - 0.01469), b=3.12 (2.97 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.65 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
