分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos)
鰺科 (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Trachurus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Robert Cushman Murphy (1887–1973) was an American naturalist who became Curator of Birds, AMNH, and was a world authority on marine birds. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Nichols.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 306 m (Ref. 58489), usually 10 - 70 m. 熱帶; 2°N - 51°S, 106°E - 79°W (Ref. 54929)
South Pacific and Southwestern Atlantic: Eastern Central and South Pacific: off Peru and Chile (Ref. 27363), incl. incidental in Juan Fernández Is. (Ref. 89357). Reported from off Ecuador (Ref. 9283). Southwest Pacific: off New Zealand (Ref. 5755). Southwestern Atlantic: off southern Argentina (Ref. 27363)
東南太平洋: 外海的祕魯與智利.(參考文獻 27363) 記錄來自厄瓜多了。 (參考文獻 9283) 西南太平洋: 紐西蘭.(參考文獻 5755) 西南大西洋: 阿根廷南部(參考文獻 27363, p。 209)。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 40.5, range 39 - 42 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9283); common length : 45.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9283); 最大年齡: 16 年 (Ref. 26956)
背棘 (總數) : 9; 背的軟條 (總數) : 31 - 35; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 27 - 29. Body elongated and little compressed; teeth small and uniseriate; lower branch of first gill arch with 42 to 45 gill rakers; edge of shoulders girdle (cleithrum) with a small furrow at its upper end but lacking papillae; lateral line completely scaled, the scales becoming large scutes posteriorly; scutes in the area of the median curve 1.1 to 1.6 times the diameter of the eye; nape and back metallic blue or dark gray; flanks and belly pale; dorsal edge of operculum with a black stain (Ref. 55763). Body elongate and slightly compressed. Body dark blue dorsally, silvery-white ventrally. Black spot on upper posterior margin of opercle. Fins dusky (Ref. 37339). Pectoral fin falcate and very long (Ref. 27363).
細長的身體與些微扁長形。 身體深藍色背面, 腹面銀白色的。 在鰓蓋的上面後緣上的黑色的斑點。 鰭暗色的.(參考文獻 37339) 胸鰭鐮刀狀與非常長的.(參考文獻 27363)
Adults are found in the shore and open oceanic waters, in schools. They feed mainly on fish larvae and small crustaceans. Marketed fresh (Ref. 9283). Utilized canned for human consumption and also made into fishmeal (Ref. 9988). The species is often found in Juan Fernández Is. as an incidental catch of Pseudocaranx chilensis (Guichenot, 1848) fisheries (Ref. 89357).
發現於海岸與開放的大洋性水域了。 形成魚群。 主要吃仔魚與小型甲殼動物。 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。 (參考文獻 9283) 利用了罐裝供人類消費以及製成了魚粉。 (參考文獻 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東南太平洋: 外海的祕魯與智利.(參考文獻 27363) 記錄來自厄瓜多了。 (參考文獻 9283) 西南太平洋: 紐西蘭.(參考文獻 5755) 西南大西洋: 阿根廷南部(參考文獻 27363, p。 209)。
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1995. Carangidae. Jureles, pámpanos, cojinúas, zapateros, cocineros, casabes, macarelas, chicharros, jorobados, medregales, pez pilota. p. 940-986. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9283)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
工具
特別的報告
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.1 - 22.6, mean 16.5 °C (based on 352 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.00752 - 0.01922), b=2.93 (2.79 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.09-0.11; tmax=16).
Prior r = 0.52, 95% CL = 0.34 - 0.77, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 183 [110, 285] mg/100g; Iron = 3.54 [2.21, 5.69] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [18.4, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.282 [0.185, 0.424] g/100g; Selenium = 26.8 [16.4, 42.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.8 [3.8, 77.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.08 [1.59, 2.88] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
