Teleostei (teleosts) >
Acanthuriformes (Surgeonfishes) >
Chaetodontidae (Butterflyfishes)
Etymology: Prognathodes: Greek, pro = first, in front of + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Poey.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; non-migratory; depth range 1 - 100 m (Ref. 110583), usually 15 - 55 m (Ref. 110583). Tropical; 33°N - 9°S, 98°W - 57°W
Western Atlantic: southern Florida and the western Gulf of Mexico to the West Indies-Caribbean region and Venezuela.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 10.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 47838)
Dorsal spines (total): 13 - 14; Dorsal soft rays (total): 18 - 19; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 14 - 16. Upper half of body yellow-orange, shading into blackish basally in dorsal fin; lower half of body white; orange bands on head and a narrow orange bar on caudal peduncle (Ref. 13442).
Inhabit deep coral-rich reefs and drop-offs (Ref. 47838). Feed on small invertebrates. Often seen nibbling on the tube feet of sea urchins or the tentacles of tubeworms (Ref. 9710). Unlike some chaetodonts it does not pick parasites from the bodies of other fishes (Ref. 5521). Solitary, sometimes in pairs (Ref. 47838). Seek refuge when approached (Ref. 47838). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205).
Allen, G.R., R. Steene and M. Allen, 1998. A guide to angelfishes and butterflyfishes. Odyssey Publishing/Tropical Reef Research. 250 p. (Ref. 47838)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial
Tools
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.9 - 28, mean 26.5 °C (based on 234 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02239 (0.01097 - 0.04568), b=3.01 (2.84 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 146 [72, 247] mg/100g; Iron = 1.07 [0.60, 1.90] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.3, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.142 [0.074, 0.269] g/100g; Selenium = 45.9 [21.7, 93.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 45.7 [12.3, 175.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.78 [1.15, 2.66] mg/100g (wet weight);
