Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 0 - 40 m (Ref. 9310). Temperate; 51°N - 14°N, 129°W - 92°W
Eastern Pacific: Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada, to Gulf of California; rare north of Point Conception in California, USA.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 48.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 2850); العمر: 8 سنين (Ref. 72462)
Often occur in rocky areas and in kelp beds. Found from inshore areas to 40 m depth. Feed on seaweed and small invertebrates. Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049). Also caught with harpoons. The flesh is of excellent quality and is marketed fresh (Ref. 9310).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: مصائد تستهلك محلينا
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.5 - 22.3, mean 18.1 °C (based on 18 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 2.7 ±0.22 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (tm=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 43.9 [26.8, 83.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.404 [0.251, 0.677] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [17.5, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.511 [0.305, 0.873] g/100g; Selenium = 12.1 [6.2, 23.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.3 [3.1, 34.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.653 [0.476, 0.917] mg/100g (wet weight);
