分類 / Names
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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Umbrina: Latin, umbra, -ae = shadow, in the sense of phantom; due to its quick movements (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
海 底生の; 深さの範囲 10 - 60 m (Ref. 91172). Subtropical; 37°N - 22°N, 123°W - 104°W
Eastern Central Pacific: Point Conception in California, USA to the Gulf of California; old records from as far north as San Francisco, California.
サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 56.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 40637); 最大公表体重: 2.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
Found in shallow sandy areas, often in surf zones, bays and tidal sloughs. Feed on fishes, crustaceans, marine worms and bivalves (Ref. 9118) Often caught by surf fishers. Pelagic spawners (Ref. 56049).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Oviparous (Ref. 240). Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Human uses
水産業: 商業; ゲームフィッシュ: はい
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.5 - 25.9, mean 22.4 °C (based on 22 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00492 - 0.01282), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.47 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 手段, 1.4年~4.4年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).