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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Atractoscion: Greek, atraktos, arrow + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ayres.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser demersal; tiefenbereich 0 - 122 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical; 65°N - 22°N
Eastern Pacific: Alaska to southern Baja California, Mexico and the Gulf of California.
Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 166 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 40637); common length : 100.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 9118); max. veröff. Gewicht: 41.0 kg (Ref. 2850); max. veröff. Alter: 20 Jahre (Ref. 56049)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 10 - 11; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 20 - 23; Afterflossenstacheln: 2; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 8 - 9; Wirbelzahl: 24. Pelvic fins with fleshy appendage at base.
Often in schools over rocky bottom and in kelp beds (Ref. 2850). Also found in the surf zone (Ref. 2850). Young in bays and along sandy beaches (Ref. 2850). Feed on fishes, squids, and crayfish (Ref. 6885). Pelagic spawners (Ref. 56049). Excellent food fish (Ref. 9118).
Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: weniger kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja
Tools
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 9 - 22.9, mean 12.8 °C (based on 76 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00422 - 0.01564), b=3.07 (2.91 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.70 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 8.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (K=0.13; tm=4; tmax=20).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.4 [18.9, 68.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.84 [0.43, 1.49] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [18.7, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.289 [0.167, 0.463] g/100g; Selenium = 38 [18, 79] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.2 [3.3, 39.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.43 [0.31, 0.64] mg/100g (wet weight);
