Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री प्रवाल-भित्ति संयुक्त; गहराई सीमा 0 - ? m (Ref. 40849), usually 0 - 15 m (Ref. 40849). Subtropical; 20°S - 35°S
Western Atlantic: Southern Florida, (USA), Bahamas, Antilles, and coast of South America (Ref. 26938), from Brazil to Argentina (Ref. 3815).
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm 20.3, range 20 - 23.1 cm
Max length : 37.8 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 57473); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 2.5 kg (Ref. )
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 12; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 13 - 14; गुदा कांटा: 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 12 - 14. Large, black, saddle-shaped blotch on upper caudal peduncle (Ref. 26938). Silvery, about nine faint narrow dark bars may be visible on upper two-thirds of body (Ref. 13442).
Occur in clean turbulent waters along open rocky coasts, usually in surf areas (Ref. 7251). Juveniles are frequently found in littoral pools between rocks (Ref. 9626). Individuals up to 10 cm are caught in shallow waters, often in sandy shores or in seagrass (Thalassia) beds (Ref. 9626). Maximum weight of 2500 g based on confirmed reports from Uruguay (L.A. Pereira, pers. comm., 6/12/01).
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य; आखेट मत्स्य: हां
साधन
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.1 - 25.8, mean 23.4 °C (based on 68 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00569 - 0.02662), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.1 [14.0, 57.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.607 [0.319, 1.135] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.1, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.218 [0.116, 0.427] g/100g; Selenium = 15.9 [7.5, 29.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 48.4 [14.4, 155.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.867 [0.571, 1.303] mg/100g (wet weight);
