分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Perciformes/Percoidei (Perchs) >
Percidae (Perches) > Etheostomatinae
Etymology: Etheostoma: Greek, etheo = to strain + Greek, stoma = mouth; Rafinesque said "various mouths", but Jordan and Evermann suggest the name might have been intended as "Heterostoma (Ref. 45335); swaini: Named after an active ichthyologist in the late 1800s, J. S. Swain (Ref. 10294).
Eponymy: Joseph Swain (1857–1927) was Professor of Mathematics and Biology at Indiana University (1883–1891) and a student of the author, David Starr Jordan, whom he followed (1891) to Stanford University and taught there as a professor of mathematics. (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Jordan.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性. 亞熱帶的; 36°N - 29°N
North America: Gulf drainages from Ochlockonee River in Georgia and Florida to Mississippi River in Louisiana, and north on Former Mississippi Embayment (east of Mississippi River only) to Kentucky in the USA; in Bear Creek in northwestern Alabama and northeastern Mississippi, USA.
北美洲: 在喬治亞州與佛羅里達至路易斯安那州的密西西比河的來自 Ochlockonee 河的海灣流域, 與在從前的密西西比灣 (只有密西西比河以東) 上的向北對在美國中的肯塔基州; 在阿拉巴馬州西北部與密西西比州東北部中的貝爾溪。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 7.8 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 5.3 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
Occurs in shallow rocky riffles, current-swept vegetation in headwaters, creeks and small to medium rivers (Ref. 5723); also found in streams (Ref. 10294). Feeds on midge larvae, with isopods and immature blackflies, mayflies, hydroptilid and hydropsychid caddisflies, and dragonflies (Ref. 10294).
出现于水浅的岩石急流, 在河川源头，小溪及小型到中型河川中的水流冲刷的植物。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
北美洲: 在喬治亞州與佛羅里達至路易斯安那州的密西西比河的來自 Ochlockonee 河的海灣流域, 與在從前的密西西比灣 (只有密西西比河以東) 上的向北對在美國中的肯塔基州; 在阿拉巴馬州西北部與密西西比州東北部中的貝爾溪。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00301 - 0.01516), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
