分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Percoidei (Perchs)
鱸形目 (Perchs) >
Percidae (Perches)
鱸科 (Perches) > Etheostomatinae
Etymology: Etheostoma: Greek, etheo = to strain + Greek, stoma = mouth; Rafinesque said "various mouths", but Jordan and Evermann suggest the name might have been intended as "Heterostoma (Ref. 45335); smithi: Named after a prominent vertebrate zoologist, Dr. Philip W. Smith (Ref. 10294).
Eponymy: Philip Wayne Smith (1921–1986) was a herpetologist and ichthyologist at the Illinois Natural History Survey (1953–1979). He is best known for his two monographs: The Amphibians and Reptiles of Illinois (1961) and The Fishes of Illinois (1979). (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性. 亞熱帶的; 38°N - 35°N
North America: occurs only in the lower Cumberland (below Caney Fork) and lower Tennessee River (in lower Duck River and downstream) drainages in Kentucky and Tennessee, USA.
北美洲: 出現在肯塔基州與美國田納西州只在康勃蘭 (在 Caney Fork 之下) 下游與田納西河下游河 (在鴨子河下游與下游中) 中流域。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 6.2 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 4.1 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年齡: 2.00 年 (Ref. 12193)
Inhabit rocky pools of headwaters, creeks and small rivers, and rocky margins of medium-sized rivers and impoundments (Ref. 5723); also found in streams (Ref. 10294). Adults feed on midge, mayfly, and immature caddisfly, with copepods and other microcrustaceans (Ref. 10294). Eggs are found clustered on underside of stone and guarded by males (Ref. 7043).
棲息於河川源頭,小溪與小河的岩石的水池 , 與中等大小河與圈圍水域的岩石邊緣;(參考文獻 5723) 也發現於溪流。 (參考文獻 10294) 吃蚊，孚游類與 caddisfly 不成熟的, 藉由橈腳類的動物與其他的 microcrustacea.(參考文獻 10294)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Eggs are found clustered on underside of stone (Ref. 7043). Males guard the eggs (Ref. 7043).北美洲: 出現在肯塔基州與美國田納西州只在康勃蘭 (在 Caney Fork 之下) 下游與田納西河下游河 (在鴨子河下游與下游中) 中流域。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 23 January 2012
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00301 - 0.01516), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (tmax=2; Fec=17-69).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
