分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Percoidei (Perchs)
鱸形目 (Perchs) >
Percidae (Perches)
鱸科 (Perches) > Etheostomatinae
Etymology: Etheostoma: Greek, etheo = to strain + Greek, stoma = mouth; Rafinesque said "various mouths", but Jordan and Evermann suggest the name might have been intended as "Heterostoma (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Rafinesque.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 7.0 - ? ; dH range: ? - 15. 溫帶; 4°C - 18°C (Ref. 2059); 59°N - 32°N
North America: St. Lawrence-Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and Mississippi River basins from Hudson Bay to southern Mississippi in the USA, and from Quebec in Canada and from Virginia in the USA to Saskatchewan in Canada and Colorado in the USA; and on Atlantic and Gulf Slope drainages in the USA.
北美洲: 從哈得遜灣到密西西比南部在美國的聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區，哈得遜灣與密西西比河流域 , 與從加拿大魁北克與從維吉尼亞在那美國到在美國的加拿大的薩斯卡萬與科羅拉多; 而且在美國的大西洋斜坡與海灣斜坡流域上。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 7.2 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 3.9 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年齡: 4 年 (Ref. 12193)
Occur in sandy and muddy, sometimes rocky, pools of headwaters, creeks, and small to medium rivers; and in sandy shores of lakes (Ref. 5723, 10294); also found in streams (Ref. 10294). Adults feed on midge larvae, mayfly nymphs, caddis larvae, and microcrustaceans; young on entomostracans and tiny midge larvae (Ref. 10294). Eggs are found clustered on underside of stone and guarded by males (Ref. 7043).
出現在沙泥, 有時岩石的, 河川源頭，小溪與小型到中型的河水池; 而且在湖的沙海岸中;(參考文獻 5723,10294) 也發現於溪流。 (參考文獻 10294) 成魚吃蚊仔魚，孚游類蛹，石蠶仔魚與小型甲殼類動物; 在 entomostracans 與極小的蚊仔魚上的幼魚.(參考文獻 10294)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Eggs are found clustered on underside of stone (Ref. 7043). Males guard the eggs (Ref. 7043).北美洲: 從哈得遜灣到密西西比南部在美國的聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區，哈得遜灣與密西西比河流域 , 與從加拿大魁北克與從維吉尼亞在那美國到在美國的加拿大的薩斯卡萬與科羅拉多; 而且在美國的大西洋斜坡與海灣斜坡流域上。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 21 December 2011
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00412 - 0.01274), b=3.16 (3.01 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.95; tmax=4; Fec=47-691).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
