分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Centrarchiformes (Basses)
鱸形目 (Basses) >
Centrarchidae (Sunfishes)
棘臀魚科 (Sunfishes)
Etymology: Lepomis: Greek, lepis = scaled + Greek, poma = gill cover, operculum (Ref. 45335, 79012); macrochirus: macrochirus meaning large hand, probably referring to the body shape (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Rafinesque.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 10 - 15. 亞熱帶的; 1°C - 36°C (Ref. 35682); 50°N - 25°N
North America: St. Lawrence - Great Lakes and Mississippi river basin; from Quebec to northern Mexico. Widely introduced. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
北美洲: 聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區與密西西比河流域; 從魁北克到墨西哥北部。 廣泛地引入。 貿易在德國限制 (Anl。3 BArtSchV). 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 41.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 19.1 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大體重: 2.2 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年齡: 10 年 (Ref. 72462)
A dark blue or black "ear" on an extension of the gill cover called the opercular flap; a prominent dark blotch at the base of the dorsal fin, close to the tail; typically olive-green backs, with a blue or purplish sheen along the sides; faint vertical bars may be present along the sides; breeding males may have more blue and orange coloration on their flanks (Ref. 44091).
在鰓蓋的延長上的一個深藍色或黑色 " 耳朵 " 被稱為鰓蓋; 在背鰭基底的一個突出的黑色斑塊,接近尾部; 典型橄欖綠色的背面, 具有一個藍色或者帶紫色的光輝沿著側邊; 模糊的縱帶可能是存在的沿著側邊; 繁殖期的雄性在他們的側面上可能有更藍色和更橘色的顏色。 (參考文獻 44091)
Adults are found frequently in lakes, ponds, reservoirs and sluggish streams (Ref. 5723, 10294); occur primarily in reservoirs in Hawaii; preferably live in deep weed beds (Ref. 5723). Active mainly during dusk and dawn. They feed upon snails, small crayfish, insects, worms and small minnows (Ref. 5723). Young feed on crustaceans, insects and worms (Ref. 5723, 10294).
時常在湖，池塘, 水庫與緩動性的溪流中發現;(參考文獻 5723,10294) 主要地在夏威夷的水庫出現; 可能地生活於深的雜草叢。 活躍的主要地在薄暮與破曉的時候。 成魚吃蝸牛，小的小龍蝦，昆蟲，蠕蟲與小的條魚類。 (參考文獻 5723) 幼魚捕食甲殼動物，昆蟲與蠕蟲。 (參考文獻 5723,10294)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Males guard the eggs for about 7 days (Ref. 93240).北美洲: 聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區與密西西比河流域; 從魁北克到墨西哥北部。 廣泛地引入。 貿易在德國限制 (Anl。3 BArtSchV). 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 21 August 2018
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.01182 - 0.01611), b=3.13 (3.09 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.19-0.23; tmax=11).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 53.9 [28.4, 111.3] mg/100g; Iron = 1.02 [0.62, 1.78] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.4, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.397 [0.164, 1.023] g/100g; Selenium = 26 [10, 63] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.6 [6.4, 59.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.06 [0.71, 1.62] mg/100g (wet weight);
