分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods) >
Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Gadus: Latin, gadus = a fish, cod? (Ref. 45335); macrocephalus: macrocephalus meaning large head (Ref. 6885).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 1280 m (Ref. 50550), usually 100 - 400 m (Ref. 54440). 溫帶; 6°C - 9°C (Ref. 11800); 63°N - 31°N, 119°E - 119°W (Ref. 54440)
Arctic: Chukchi and Beaufort Seas eastward across Arctic Canada to western Greenland; south in the Atlantic Ocean to Gulf of St. Lawrence. Pacific Ocean: eastern Pacific to southern California at Santa Monica, and in the western Pacific to the Yellow Sea.
北太平洋: 黃海到白令海峽, 沿著 Aleutians, 與南至大約美國洛杉磯。 稀有的在它的分佈範圍的南部中。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 66.6, range 23 - 85 cm
Max length : 119 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 最大体重: 22.7 kg (Ref. 27436); 最大年龄: 25 年 (Ref. 55701)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 37 - 57; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 31 - 42; 脊椎骨: 49 - 55. Distinguished by the presence of 3 dorsal and 2 anal fins, a long chin barbel (about 3/4 as long as the eye diameter in young, longer than eye diameter in adults), and a space between the second and third dorsal fins that is shorter than the eye diameter (Ref. 27547). Lateral line with a prominent arch under the 1st and 2nd dorsal fins, is straight toward the tail, ending under the 3rd dorsal (Ref. 27547). Brown or gray dorsally, becoming paler ventrally; dark spots or vermiculating patterns on the sides (Ref.1371). Yellow color phases are known (Ref. 27547). Fins dusky; dorsal, anal and caudal fins with white edges that are wider on anal and caudal than on dorsal (Ref. 27547).
区别的特徵为那有 3 背部的与 2个臀鳍，一个长的下巴触须 (大约 3/4 长达眼直径当幼鱼时, 长度超过眼直径当成鱼时), 与一个间隔的空间第二个与第三个背鳍，那是短于眼直径.(参考文献 27547) 侧线有在第一与第二背鳍鳍下面的一个突出的弓,是朝向尾部的直线, 结束在那下面第三背部的.(参考文献 27547) 褐色的或灰色背面, 腹侧变成灰白; 深色斑点或以蠕虫爬迹形为装饰的图案侧边上.(参考文献 1371) 黄色的色相被知道。 (参考文献 27547) 鳍暗色的; 背鳍、臀鳍与尾鳍有白色的边缘那是宽的肛门而尾部的之上超过背部的之上.(参考文献 27547)
Found mainly along the continental shelf and upper slopes (Ref. 1371). Form schools (Ref. 9988). They appear to be indiscriminate predators upon dominant food organisms present (Ref. 1371). Young probably feed on copepods and similar organisms (Ref. 27547). Adults feed on fishes, octopi, and large benthic and benthopelagic crustaceans (Ref. 1371); also worms. Parasites of the species include sealworm (Phocanema decipiens) in flesh, copepod (Lernaeocera branchialis) on gills and cestode (Pyramicocephalus phocarum) in the intestine (Ref. 5951). Marketed fresh and frozen for human consumption (Ref. 2850), and also dried or salted and smoked (Ref. 9988). Eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, micro-waved and baked (Ref. 9988). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166). Minimum depth from Ref. 054440.
主要地发现沿着大陆架与上层斜坡.(参考文献 1371) 形成鱼群。 (参考文献 9988) 在优势的食物生物之上的似乎不加选择的掠食者呈现。 (参考文献 1371) 幼鱼可能吃桡脚类的动物与相似的生物。 (参考文献 27547) 成鱼吃鱼，章鱼与大的底栖性与大洋底栖性鱼种甲壳动物;(参考文献 1371) 也吃蠕虫。 在市场上销售生鲜和冷冻供人类消费 (参考文献 2850)了, 以及乾燥或盐腌而且烟熏.(参考文献 9988) 清蒸,油炸,火烤, 煮沸了, 微波与烧烤的.(参考文献 9988) 被用于中药材了。 (参考文献 12166)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
From late summer to mid-winter, fish move into the deeper water (100 to 250 m) of spawning areas; move inshore to depths of 30 to 60 m after spawning (Ref. 27547). Spawning occurs once a year (Ref. 120291).北太平洋: 黃海到白令海峽, 沿著 Aleutians, 與南至大約美國洛杉磯。 稀有的在它的分佈範圍的南部中。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.5 - 6.4, mean 2.9 °C (based on 495 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00626 - 0.00838), b=3.10 (3.06 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Musick et al. 2000 (Ref.
36717); tmax=25; tm=3-8; K=0.11-0.27; Fec >1million).
Prior r = 0.35, 95% CL = 0.23 - 0.53, Based on 13 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 13.9 [9.0, 26.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.194 [0.130, 0.305] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [16.1, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.377 [0.161, 0.932] g/100g; Selenium = 14.1 [4.9, 39.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.51 [0.66, 26.54] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.353 [0.271, 0.433] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
