分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Percopsiformes (Trout-perches, pirate perches and cavefishes)
鮭鱸目 (Trout-perches, pirate perches and cavefishes) >
Amblyopsidae (Cavefishes)
洞穴魚科 (Cavefishes)
Etymology: Amblyopsis: Greek, amblys = darkness + Greek, ops = shape (Ref. 45335).
More on author: DeKay.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; 非遷移的. 溫帶; 39°N - 37°N
North America: Indiana and Kentucky, U.S.A.
北美洲: 印地安那州與肯塔基州, 美國
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 11.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 6.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9 - 11; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 11; 脊椎骨: 29 - 30. Pink-white. No eyes (vestigial eye tissues under skin). Extremely small pelvic fins (rarely absent). Large, broad head. Caudal fin with 4-6 rows of papillae; 11-13 branched caudal rays.
粉紅的-白色。 沒有眼 (在皮膚下面的退化眼組織). 非常小的腹鰭.(很少地不存在) 大的, 寬的頭部。 尾鰭有 4-6個列的乳突; 11-13 分枝了尾部的鰭條。
Blind and depigmented. Despite the lack of eyes it does respond to light and moves away from it (scotophilia). Inhabits subterranean water or caves which have consolidated mud-rock substrates in shoals and silt-sand substrates in pools but is more often found in caves with uniform silt-sand substrates (Ref. 34868). Has low reproduction rate and broods eggs in gill cavity for up to 4-5 months (Ref. 557; 34868; 27795). Can live for 2 years without food because of low metabolic rate (Ref. 5326). Top predator.
盲眼與無色的。 雖然沒有眼睛它回應光，而且移動遠離它 (scotophilia). 棲息於地下的水，否則洞穴在淺灘中那裡有堅硬的泥岩底部而且在水池中那裡有淤泥-沙子的底部但是用均勻的淤泥-沙子的底部是發現於更時常的洞穴.(參考文獻 34868) 有低的繁殖比率而且在鰓腔中孵卵超過 4-5 個月 (參考文獻 557; 34868; 27795)。 能存活沒有食物由於低的新陳代謝的比率的 2 年。 (參考文獻 5326) 頂端掠食者。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Female incubates eggs in gill cavities (Ref. 7471).北美洲: 印地安那州與肯塔基州, 美國
Romero, A. and L. Bennis, 1998. Threatened fishes of the world: Amblyopsis spelaea DeKay, 1842 (Amblyopsidae). Environ. Biol. Fishes 51(4):420. (Ref. 27795)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
近危 (NT) ; Date assessed: 04 August 2012
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6338 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.20; low reproductive rate (Refs. 34868;
27795).).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
