分類 / Names
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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
; 新鮮な水 外洋の; 移住性ではない. Temperate; 47°N - 45°N, 8°E - 11°E
Europe: Lakes Como, Garda, Orta, Maggiore, Lugano and Iseo (northern Italy, Switzerland). Introduced in Lakes Bolsena, Bracciano and Vico (central Italy).
サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 42.6 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 59118); 最大公表体重: 760.00 g (Ref. 40637)
簡単な記述
検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学
This species is distinguished from its congeners entering the freshwater of the Mediterranean basin by the following characters: an almost straight dorsal profile; thin gill rakers 38-72 (different populations average between 45 and 64); no teeth on palatine (Ref. 59043).
A lacustrine, pelagic species. Males reproduce for the first time at 2-3 years, females at 3-4; most reproduce only once or twice. Spawn at temperatures above 15-16°C in June to August, along the shores near the surface at night with bright moonlights. Adults feed mainly on cladocerans and copepods, also on small fish (Ref. 59043).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Most individuals reproduce only once or twice.
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Human uses
水産業: 商業
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00459 - 0.01196), b=3.04 (2.91 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
