分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers)
笛鯛科 (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 55); 深度上下限 5 - 180 m (Ref. 55), usually ? - 50 m (Ref. 9626). 亞熱帶的; 42°N - 9°N, 98°W - 59°W (Ref. 55231)
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts south along U.S. coast, Bermuda, the Bahamas, and throughout the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Records from Brazil are based on misidentifications (Ref. 113893). Records from the eastern Atlantic are vagrants (Ref. 10795).
西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與百慕達群島向南至巴西里約熱內盧, 包括西印度群島 (安德遜， pers. comm.), 墨西哥灣與加勒比海.(參考文獻 9626)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 32.0, range 21 - ? cm
Max length : 89.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55); 最大體重: 20.0 kg (Ref. 4883); 最大年齡: 21 年 (Ref. 55)
背棘 (總數) : 10; 背的軟條 (總數) : 13 - 14; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 7 - 8. Dorsal profile of head slightly concave, snout long and pointed. Preopercular notch and knob weak. Scale rows on back parallel to lateral line anteriorly, but rising obliquely posteriorly, below soft part of dorsal fin. Young specimens with a dark stripe from snout through the eye to upper opercle and a blue stripe on cheek below eye.
頭部的背面輪廓些微地凹曲, 吻長而尖的。 前鰓蓋骨凹槽與癤瘤弱的。 鱗片列背面前面地平行於側線, 但是在後部地斜向上升, 在背鰭的軟棘部位之下。 幼魚具有一個黑的斑紋在眼之下在頰上從吻尖到對上面的鰓蓋與一條藍色的斑紋眼。
Adults inhabit coastal as well as offshore waters around coral reefs, rocky areas, estuaries, mangrove areas, and sometimes in lower reaches of rivers (especially the young). They are found in fresh water in Florida (Ref. 26938). Often forming large aggregations. Feed mainly at night on small fishes, shrimps, crabs, gastropods, cephalopods and some planktonic items. Easily approached (Ref. 9710). Good food fish (Ref. 9626). Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten pan-fried, broiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9987). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35420).
棲息於海岸的以及離岸水域。 發現於珊瑚礁，岩石區，河口，紅樹林區域周圍., 與有時在河川下游中.(尤其幼魚) 在佛羅里達發現於淡水.。 (參考文獻 26938) 時常形成大的群集。 主要地吃在晚上捕食小魚，蝦，螃蟹，腹足動物, 頭足類動物與一些浮游性項目。 容易接近。 (參考文獻 9710) 好食用魚.(參考文獻 9626) 生鮮使用與冷凍; 吃油鍋炸的, 火烤,微波, 而且燒烤..(參考文獻 9987) 曾經後面在繁殖場.(參考文獻 35420)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawning occurs in summer near the time of the full moon. 西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與百慕達群島向南至巴西里約熱內盧, 包括西印度群島 (安德遜， pers. comm.), 墨西哥灣與加勒比海.(參考文獻 9626)
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 10 October 2015
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20 - 27.5, mean 24.8 °C (based on 137 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.01334 - 0.01717), b=2.97 (2.95 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.6 (4.8 - 8.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.10; tm=2-3; tmax=21).
Prior r = 0.31, 95% CL = 0.20 - 0.46, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14.7 [8.0, 24.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.307 [0.183, 0.560] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.0, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.222 [0.132, 0.370] g/100g; Selenium = 36.3 [18.3, 68.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 92.6 [15.6, 438.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.255 [0.181, 0.390] mg/100g (wet weight);
