分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Rhinopristiformes (Shovelnose rays) >
Trygonorrhinidae (Banjo rays, Fiddler rays)
Etymology: Zapteryx: Greek, za = an augmentative particle + Greek, pteryx, wing, fin (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 1 - 200 m (Ref. 37955), usually 1 - 22 m (Ref. 12951). 亞熱帶的; 37°N - 20°N, 125°W - 108°W (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Pacific: California, USA to Mexico, records to Peru probably misidentifications.
東太平洋: 美國的南加州到祕魯。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 68.0, range 57 - 77 cm
Max length : 83.0 cm 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 48844); 97.0 cm (female)
脊椎骨: 149 - 150. Spiral valve count: 8-10. Broad disc is about as wide as it is long; dorsal surface covered with numerous, small to large, scattered, stellate prickles; a single median row of enlarged thorns running along the mid-back; a broad, short snout; small, blunt, pebble like teeth; a dorsal fin that originates closer to the pelvic fin bases than to the caudal fin origin; a thick tail and a moderately large, rounded caudal fin without a distinct lower lobe. Tooth count: 60-75/60-75.
Coloration: The dorsal surface is sandy brown to dark gray, with several prominent black bars, and lighter below with dark spots on the posterior edge of the pectoral fins.
螺旋瓣數目: 8-10. 寬的體盤是大約等寬於它是長的; 背面覆蓋著很多了, 小型到大型的﹐分散的﹐和星形的刺; 沿著背部中央的大刺的中央列; 一個寬的, 短的吻; 小的﹐鈍的﹐和卵石狀的齒; 超過到尾鰭起源起點較靠近腹鰭基底的一個背鰭; 一個厚的尾部與一個普通大又圓形的尾鰭沒有明顯的下葉。 牙齒數目: 60-75/60-75.
體色 背部表面是黃棕色到深灰色, 有一些突出的黑色橫帶, 與腹面顏色較淡在胸鰭的後緣上有深色的斑點。
Generally in rocky areas mainly shallower than 10 m, moves offshore onto soft bottoms in autumn and winter; but may also be found on sandy bottoms (Ref. 37955, Ref. 114953). Reported from tide pools (Ref. 12951). Relatively docile, harmless rays that are easily approached by divers (Ref. 48844). Feeds mainly on mollusks and crustaceans (Ref. 37955). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449), with 4 to 11 pups in a litter (Ref. 51576). Maturity size of males at 64-70 cm TL, females at 57-77 cm TL; birth size at 15-18 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Seldom buries itself in sand. This species is a commercially important part of artisanal fisheries (Ref. 114953).
Etymology: The genus name comes from the Greek za, meaning intensive, and pteryx, meaning fin, in reference to the vertical fins being larger than those of skates. The species name comes from Latin, meaning made rough, in reference to the numerous stellate prickles on its back. (Ref. 48844).
通常在岩石區中也但是可能被發現於砂質底部之上.(參考文獻 37955) 記錄來自潮池了。 (參考文獻 12951) 相當可馴服又無害處的鰭條那是藉著潛水者容易接近.(參考文獻 48844) 主要吃軟體動物與甲殼動物。 (參考文獻 37955) 卵胎生的 (參考文獻 50449), 對 11個幼胎有四個一胎.(參考文獻 51576) 很少掩藏於沙子中。
詞源: 本屬名稱來從希臘的 za, 意謂密集的, 與 pteryx, 意謂鰭, 在作為大於魟魚的參考到垂直的鰭中。 此魚種名稱來自拉丁文,意謂製造粗糙, 在參考到中很多的星形刺在它的背面。 (參考文獻 48844).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
During breeding season, male and female adult schools congregate in shallow areas of bays and lagoons (Ref. 51576). Parturition takes place three to four months after mating, with litters of 4 to 11 pups (Ref. 48844).東太平洋: 美國的南加州到祕魯。
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.1 - 28.5, mean 23.1 °C (based on 64 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00267 - 0.01964), b=3.00 (2.77 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 7.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Fec = 4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (63 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 9.41 [1.30, 36.16] mg/100g; Iron = 0.385 [0.093, 1.046] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [17.7, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.146 [0.062, 0.340] g/100g; Selenium = 16.5 [4.8, 49.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 34.4 [11.2, 110.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.605 [0.292, 1.289] mg/100g (wet weight);
