分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)
白眼鮫目 (Ground sharks) >
Triakidae (Houndsharks)
平滑鮫科 (Houndsharks) > Triakinae
Etymology: Mustelus: Latin for weasel, an ancient name for sharks, possibly referring to the pointed snouts, swift movements and/or rapacious feeding behavior of smaller predatory sharks [strictly not tautonymous with Squalus mustelus Linnaeus 1758 since type was designated by the ICZN] (See ETYFish); canis: Latin for dog (sharks were known as “sea dogs” and “dog-fishe” among mariners until the late 16th century, because of their ferocious pack-like feeding behavior) (See ETYFish).
More on author: Mitchill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 800 m (Ref. 55584), usually 18 - 200 m (Ref. 55309). 亞熱帶的; 46°N - 44°S, 98°W - 31°W
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts to Florida (USA), northern and western Gulf of Mexico, Venezuela, Cuba, Jamaica, Barbados, Bermuda, Bahamas; southern Brazil to northern Argentina; also western Gulf of Mexico and Antilles (Ref. 26938). Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951). Allopatric with Mustelus mustelus and sympatric with Mustelus norrisi. One of the two new allopatric species of canis- norrisi-like smooth-hounds in this region is often confused with this species (Ref. 244). The subspecies Mustelus canis insularis, occurring at several Caribbean islands, was identified by Heemstra (Ref. 27770).
西大西洋: 麻薩諸塞州到佛羅里達 (美國) ，北方與西方的墨西哥灣，委內瑞拉，古巴，牙買加，巴貝多，百慕達群島, 巴哈馬; 巴西南部到阿根廷北部; 也墨西哥灣西部與安地列斯群島.(參考文獻 26938) 與 Mustelus mustelus 異域分佈而且與 Mustelus norrisi 重疊分佈. 二個中的一個 canis 的新異地種- 像 norrisi 一樣的平滑-在與時常互相混淆的這種的這一個區域中帶獵犬狩獵.(參考文獻 244) 被出現在一些加勒比海的島的亞種 Mustelus canis insularis, 被鑑別特徵為 Heemstra 。 (參考文獻 27770)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 99.8, range 95 - 100 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 244); common length : 100.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 6077); 最大体重: 12.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
A small, slim shark. Well-serrated dorsal fins, second nearly as large as first (Ref. 26938).
一种小的, 瘦的鲨鱼。 深锯齿状的背鳍, 第二个几乎与第一个一样大.(参考文献 26938)
Found on continental and insular shelves and upper slopes, ranging from shallow inshore waters and the intertidal to 200 m, occasionally down to 579 m (Ref. 244). Occasionally found in freshwater. It is doubtful that this species can live in fresh water for an extended period of time (Ref. 244). Active swimmer and bottom feeder (Ref. 27549). Swims in packs or schools (Ref. 27549). Feeds on large crustaceans, mainly crabs, but also heavily on lobsters (Homarus) (Ref. 244). Probably non-territorial. Off the Atlantic coast of the USA, this species is migratory (Ref. 244). Viviparous (with a yolk-sac placenta), with 4 to 20 young in a litter. Longevity given as 7 years (Ref. 775) but appears too low. Utilized fresh, dried-salted, and smoked (Ref. 9987).
栖息于大陆架与岛屿棚与被范围从沿岸浅水区水域与潮间带到 200 公尺的上层斜坡了, 偶然地向下至 579 公尺.(参考文献 244) 偶然地发现于淡水了。 它是可疑的这种能生活于淡水一长段时间.(参考文献 244) 吃大的甲壳动物, 主要地螃蟹, 也经常捕食龙虾 ( Homarus).(参考文献 244) 可能非领域性。 美国的大西洋海岸外, 这种是回游的.(参考文献 244) 胎生的 (具有一个卵黄囊胎盘), 有四个到 20 幼鱼在一胎。 寿命被估为 7 年 (参考文献 775) 但是显得太低的。 生鲜使用，乾燥盐腌, 而且烟熏.(参考文献 9987)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Viviparous (Ref. 26281, 35307, 50449), with a yolk-sac placenta; with 4 to 20 young per litter. Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 麻薩諸塞州到佛羅里達 (美國) ，北方與西方的墨西哥灣，委內瑞拉，古巴，牙買加，巴貝多，百慕達群島, 巴哈馬; 巴西南部到阿根廷北部; 也墨西哥灣西部與安地列斯群島.(參考文獻 26938) 與 Mustelus mustelus 異域分佈而且與 Mustelus norrisi 重疊分佈. 二個中的一個 canis 的新異地種- 像 norrisi 一樣的平滑-在與時常互相混淆的這種的這一個區域中帶獵犬狩獵.(參考文獻 244) 被出現在一些加勒比海的島的亞種 Mustelus canis insularis, 被鑑別特徵為 Heemstra 。 (參考文獻 27770)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
临近濒危 (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 21 June 2019
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.8 - 27.5, mean 22.4 °C (based on 1206 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00200 (0.00169 - 0.00236), b=3.12 (3.07 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.04-0.43; tm=2-5; tmax=7; Fec= 4-20).
Prior r = 0.16, 95% CL = 0.11 - 0.24, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.3 [3.4, 64.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.387 [0.113, 1.502] mg/100g; Protein = 21.5 [19.2, 23.9] %; Omega3 = 0.145 [0.056, 0.365] g/100g; Selenium = 52.1 [14.6, 197.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.62 [2.46, 23.67] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.793 [0.339, 1.664] mg/100g (wet weight);
