分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
麗魚科 (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Oreochromis: Latin, aurum = gold + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Henry Charles Vicars Hunter (1861–1934) was a Fellow of the Zoological Society of London, a big-game hunter and amateur naturalist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性. 热带
Africa: endemic to Lake Chala in Kenya (Ref. 52331) and Tanzania (Ref. 118630).
非洲: 湖 Chala 的特有种.(参考文献 52331)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4967)
背棘 (总数) : 16 - 17; 背的软条 (总数) : 11 - 13; 臀棘: 3 - 4; 臀鳍软条: 10 - 16; 脊椎骨: 31 - 34. Diagnosis: A large bodied tilapia, with a relatively large and forward-facing snout, body at least 2.8 times as long as deep (Ref. 4967, 118638). The species can be distinguished by following characters: teeth very small, in narrow bands; pharyngeal bone narrow, its width about 26% length of head, with fine teeth, crowded posteriorly, the blade equal to the median length of the toothed area in young, about 1.5 times as long in adults; pectoral fin usually less than 36% of standard length; anal spines III-IV; scales of chest and belly very small, in some individuals showing an abrupt transition from the flank scales for a short distance behind the pectoral-pelvic interspace; in some the dorsal scales may also be small; and caudal peduncle at least 1.3 times longer than deep (Ref. 2, 4967). Males characterised by an intricate melanin pattern on the head, flank scales that are darker towards posterior side, and a background light grey-blue colour; the dorsal region is darker than the ventral, and ripe males with dark pectoral, anal, caudal fins, while the dorsal fin is dark with orange margins; females with less contrasting colours, with flanks uniformly grey or olive, with a lighter ventral region (Ref. 118638).
鉴别: 齿非常小的, 在狭带状中; 咽骨狭窄的, 藉由细齿的它的宽度大约 26% 头长在后部地拥挤, 叶片等于有齿区域的平均长度当幼鱼时, 大约 1.5 倍当长的当成鱼时; 胸鳍通常少于 36% SL 。 (参考文献 2) 胸与腹面的鳞片非常小的 (参考文献 2,54096), 在一些鱼种中显示对于在胸腹鳍间距后面的短距离的一个突然的转变从侧面鳞片; 在一些鱼种中背部的鳞片也小的.(参考文献 2) 尾柄长度超过深的.(参考文献 2,2989,54096) 3-4根臀鳍棘.(参考文献 2,4967) 身體至少 2.8 長度與深度比率; 尾柄至少深地的 1.3 倍.(參考文獻 4967)
描述: 嘴相當大, 在鼻孔與眼之間延伸至.(參考文獻 1870,2989,53262) 顎碰到均勻地; 齒小而細長的, 最雙尖的, 在 3-6 列中; 咽齒小而細長的, 侷限於一個小的區域.(參考文獻 2) 鱗片圓形的.(參考文獻 1870,2989,53262,55061) (2-)在頰上的 3 鱗片列.(參考文獻 2,1870,2989,55061) 在頰上的鱗片相當小.(參考文獻 55061) 上面的側線有 18-19個鱗片, 低的側線有 15-16個鱗片.(參考文獻 2989) 在低的側線之下的 15個鱗片.(參考文獻 1870,53262,55061) 側線有時有較小的鱗片的竄改, 在一些情況在一個側邊上唯一的; microbranchiospines 呈現。 (參考文獻 2) 持續背鰭棘長的.(參考文獻 1870,2989) 胸鰭延伸到或者幾乎延伸到垂直的臀鰭起點.(參考文獻 1870,2989,55061) 腹鰭達到排洩孔。 (參考文獻 1870,2989)
體色 成魚: 鐵藍色的-在頭部與身體的上部上的黑色, 顏色變化成彩虹色的深色藍綠色的在鰓蓋與顎的下部上與到黑色的青銅色的在側面上; 胸部小的斑點深綠色與白色的; 腹面灰色的白色; 一些個體 (雄性 ?) 與背鰭的邊緣深色的橘色.(參考文獻 2) 大的雄性有淡色黃色的咽喉, 與王室藍色鰭有燃燒的橘色或明亮的朱紅色的頂端.(參考文獻 36900) 幼魚: 青銅色的在側面上, 呈綠色的青銅色的背面, 乳黃色的在腹面上; 頭部當成魚時但是不是如此深色; 尾部的與背鰭深綠色的; 低的鰭較灰白的彩虹色的綠色.(參考文獻 2) 兩者的成魚而且幼魚有產生於每個鱗片的較深色的前部的多變效果.(參考文獻 2) 幼魚 (<100 mm SL) 有一個顯著黑色側面中央的縱向條紋當保存在酒精中時, 連續的或者強調在 11-13 上狹窄的深色縱帶, 也有在上面的側線上面的一系列的 5-7 斑塊; 吳郭魚-標誌水平細長, 雖然易變地在這些大小強調.(參考文獻 2)
Only found in Lake Chala (Ref. 2, 4967, 36900); several non-native tilapias are now established in this small lake as a result of stocking, and Oreochromis hunteri is apparently much less common than previously (Ref. 118638). Sometimes swimming in shoals (Ref. 36900, 55060). It feeds on algae and debris off the bottom between the rocks near the shore (Ref. 2, 55060). A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 118638). Fished in Lake Chala (Ref. 118638). IUCN conservation status is critically endangered (Ref. 118638).
栖息于湖 (参考文献 2,4967) 。 有时群集的。 (参考文献 36900,55060) 吃藻类与残砾自底部。 (参考文献 55060)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 118638).非洲: 湖 Chala 的特有种.(参考文献 52331)
Trewavas, E., 1983. Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
极度濒危 (CR) (B1ab(i,iii)); Date assessed: 22 June 2022
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01862 (0.00830 - 0.04177), b=3.01 (2.82 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
