分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 15 - 400 m (Ref. 6763). 亞熱帶的; 62°N - 16°N, 19°W - 37°E
Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea.
東大西洋與地中海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 15.8, range 17 - 18 cm
Max length : 56.4 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 86700); common length : 22.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大體重: 940.00 g (Ref. 40637)
The shoulder spines can inflict, painful stings. Usually found buried in the sand or mud. Equipped with an acoustic apparatus that generates both acoustic and electric pulses. Electric discharge activity shows two temporal patterns: 1) reflexive discharges of short duration (milliseconds), elicited by mechanical stimulation, and 2) those of much longer duration (several seconds) observed only during the summer spawning period (Ref. 10011). Low-frequency spontaneous discharge activity (5-10 Hz), with a sexual dimorphism in discharge amplitude is also said to exist. This species suggestively represents a transitional form in the evolution of electric organs in fishes (Ref. 10577). Oviparous, eggs, larvae and juveniles are pelagic (Ref. 6763). Utilized fresh (Ref. 9987).
它的肩棘能施放, 令人痛苦的刺。 通常發現於埋藏在砂或泥中。 具有了產生聽覺而電的脈衝的一個聽覺的器官。 放電活動顯示二個短暫的模式: 1) 反身放電持續很短的時間 (毫秒), 藉著物理的刺激引出, 與 2) 更長持續時間 (好幾秒) 的觀察只有在夏天的產卵期.(參考文獻 10011) 低周波的自然放電活動 (5-10 赫茲), 具有一個在電流中的性同種二形也被說存在。 這種暗示性地在魚中的發電器的進化代表一個變遷的形式。 (參考文獻 10577) 生鮮使用.(參考文獻 9987)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東大西洋與地中海。
Roux, C., 1990. Uranoscopidae. p. 897-898. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7366)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 14 July 2014
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.2 - 17, mean 14.2 °C (based on 228 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.00979 - 0.01477), b=3.04 (2.98 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.70 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 7.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 69.2 [40.3, 127.0] mg/100g; Iron = 1.04 [0.66, 1.74] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.445 [0.303, 0.666] g/100g; Selenium = 30.9 [15.8, 60.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.2 [9.2, 80.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.603 [0.430, 0.869] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
