Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي; آب شيرين; لب شور وابسته به آب سنگ; تغييرات عمق 2 - 40 m (Ref. 58047), usually 5 - 30 m (Ref. 9710). Subtropical; 42°N - 26°S, 98°W - 14°W (Ref. 55232)
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA to São Paulo, Brazil (Ref. 57756), including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea (Ref. 9626). Eastern Atlantic: St. Paul's Rocks and Ascension Island (Ref. 13121), Tinhosa Grande, south of Príncipe Island (L.A. Pereira (pers. comm.).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm 32.4, range 31 - 36 cm
Max length : 128 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 40637); common length : 60.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 26938); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 28.6 kg (Ref. 40637); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 33 سال ها (Ref. 115050)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 10; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 14 - 15; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 8. Preopercular notch and knob weak. One of the pairs of canines in upper jaw notably enlarged, visible even when mouth is closed. Pectoral fins long, reaching level of anus. Scale rows on back rising obliquely above lateral line. Presence of a triangular bar between lower edge of eye and rear of mouth. Back and upper sides olive brown with bronze tinge, sometimes with narrow pale bars; lower sides and belly light reddish with a copper tinge. Young with a horizontal blue line below eye which breaks into a row of spots in adults.
Adults are common around rocky or coral reefs. Young are found in estuaries and occasionally enters rivers. Feed mainly on fishes and benthic invertebrates, including shrimps, crabs, gastropods and cephalopods.
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
خطر برای انسان ها
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 55)
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله; آكواريوم: آکواریوم عمومی
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.2 - 28, mean 25.8 °C (based on 522 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.01339 - 0.01711), b=2.97 (2.95 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 11.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): پايين ، كم, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 5/4 – 14 سال (K=0.10; tm=5.5).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.42, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.5 [5.9, 19.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.269 [0.156, 0.499] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.0, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.176 [0.097, 0.305] g/100g; Selenium = 28.8 [13.9, 56.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 96.7 [15.9, 482.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.254 [0.176, 0.396] mg/100g (wet weight);
