Issue
Needs a taxonomic reference.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas demersal. Tropical; 16°N - 20°S, 95°W - 71°W (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Pacific: southern Mexico to Peru and Chile, including the Galapagos Islands.
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 114 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 111131)
Mainly coastal, benthic species with unknown biology (Ref. 114953). May reach 170 cm TL (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Chirichigno, N.F., 1974. Clave para identificar los peces marinos del Peru. Inf. Inst. Mar Perú (44):1-387. (Ref. 5530)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: pouco comercial
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Baixar XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.6 - 28.6, mean 26.3 °C (based on 38 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00229 (0.00136 - 0.00387), b=3.11 (2.96 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 36.6 [9.7, 166.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.724 [0.187, 2.089] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.5, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.138 [0.060, 0.317] g/100g; Selenium = 54.3 [13.8, 153.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.5 [4.3, 29.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.85 [0.42, 1.50] mg/100g (wet weight);