分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 550 m (Ref. 58302). 亞熱帶的; 61°N - 52°S, 99°E - 70°W
North Pacific: Gulf of Alaska to southern California and Baja California and from Sakhalin Island in the southern Sea of Okhotsk south to northern Philippines. There are four substantiated records of this subspecies in the southern hemisphere: off Western Australia, southeast Pacific (37°11'S, 114°41'W) and Gulf of Papua (Ref. 10997). The species occurs mainly in the northern Pacific but ventures into New Zealand waters for at least three months during spring and early summer (Ref. 83312).
北太平洋: 阿拉斯加灣到南加州與下加利福尼亞而且從鄂霍次克海南方的薩哈林島南至菲律賓北部。 有這一個亞種的四個證實的紀錄在南半球: 外海的西澳大利亞，太平洋 (37 ° 11'S,114 ° 41' W) 東南部與巴布亞灣.(參考文獻 10997)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 300 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9340); common length : 200 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9340); 最大体重: 450.0 kg (Ref. 47525); 最大年龄: 15 年 (Ref. 83312)
Mean number of gill rakers 35.9. First ventrally directed parapophysis on vertebra number 8. Dorsal wall of body cavity has a narrow bulge with lateral concavity and wide lateral trough. Caudal keels dark.
鳃耙 35.9 的平均数. 第一个在 8 号脊椎骨上朝向下的椎体横突。 体腔的背部墙壁有一个狭窄的凸起，侧面的凹洼与宽的侧线槽。 尾部的龙骨脊深色的。
Epipelagic, usually oceanic, but seasonally coming close to shore (Ref. 168). Tolerates ample temperature intervals (Ref. 168). Forms schools by size, sometimes with other scombrids (Ref. 168). Migrates between June and September in a northward direction along the coast of Baja California, Mexico and California (Ref. 168). A voracious predator that feeds on a wide variety of small schooling fishes and squids, also on crabs crabs and to a lesser degree on sessile organisms (Ref. 168). Marketed fresh and frozen.
表层带, 通常大洋性的, 但是季节性地接近海岸.(参考文献 168) 容忍大的温度范围。 (参考文献 168) 依大小形成鱼群, 有时有其他的鲭科鱼类.(参考文献 168) 在一个被沿着墨西哥的下加利福尼亚与加州的海岸向北的中在六月与九月之间回游。 (参考文献 168) 一个狼吞虎咽的掠食者捕食各式各样的小群游性鱼或乌贼, 也螃蟹与少数固着生物.(参考文献 168) 在市场上销售生鲜和冷冻。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
北太平洋: 阿拉斯加灣到南加州與下加利福尼亞而且從鄂霍次克海南方的薩哈林島南至菲律賓北部。 有這一個亞種的四個證實的紀錄在南半球: 外海的西澳大利亞，太平洋 (37 ° 11'S,114 ° 41' W) 東南部與巴布亞灣.(參考文獻 10997)
Collette, B.B., 1995. Scombridae. Atunes, bacoretas, bonitos, caballas, estorninos, melva, etc. p. 1521-1543. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9340)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
临近濒危 (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 15 January 2021
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.9 - 28.1, mean 24.3 °C (based on 983 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.00641 - 0.02973), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 10.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=3-5; tmax=15; K=0.1-0.2).
Prior r = 0.25, 95% CL = 0.17 - 0.38, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (76 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18.3 [10.0, 32.3] mg/100g; Iron = 2.32 [0.96, 5.79] mg/100g; Protein = 24.2 [22.7, 25.5] %; Omega3 = 0.403 [0.246, 0.662] g/100g; Selenium = 42.6 [16.1, 118.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 21.5 [2.9, 199.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.355 [0.211, 0.717] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
