Classification / Names
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Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Eponymy: Dr Percy Rendall (1861–1948) was a medical practitioner and itinerant naturalist who collected over much of Africa and in Trinidad and other Caribbean locations in the late 19th century. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Boulenger.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
นิเวศวิทยา
; น้ำจืด; กร่อย กลุ่มสัตว์หน้าดิน,กลุ่มสัตว์พื้นท้องน้ำ; ระดับความลึก 3 - 8 m (Ref. 58302). Tropical; 24°C - 28°C (Ref. 2059); 20°N - 20°S
Africa: from the middle Congo River basin (Kasai drainage and between the Lomami and Kisangani) up to the upper Lualaba and the Bangweulu area (Ref. 55074). Also in Lake Malawi, Zambesi, coastal areas from Zambesi Delta to Natal, Okavango and Cunene (Ref. 5163) as well as the Limpopo, Malagarasi (Ref. 55074) and Lake Tanganyika (Ref. 55074, 74387). Also present in the Cuanza and Catumbela rivers in Angola (Ref. 11970). Introduced in Lake Kivu, escaped from fish ponds (Ref. 107916). Introduced elsewhere usually for weed control and aquaculture. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Length at first maturity / ขนาด / น้ำหนัก / Age
Maturity: Lm 17.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 26550); น้ำหนักสูงสุดที่มีการรายงาน: 2.5 kg (Ref. 26550); อายุสูงสุดที่ได้รายงาน: 7 ปี (Ref. 7248)
เงี่ยงครีบหลัง (รวม) : 15 - 17; ก้านครีบอ่อนที่หาง (รวม) : 10 - 13; เงี่ยงครีบก้น: 3; ก้านครีบอ่อนที่ก้น: 9 - 10; สัตว์มีกระดูกสันหลัง: 29. Diagnosis: A large, deep-bodied species with a steep head profile, narrow head and small mouth; often appearing brownish with a white belly, some individuals have bright red bellies (Ref. 118638). The sexes look very similar, although males are usually larger (Ref. 118638). Very difficult to distinguish from Coptodon zillii, but C. rendalli usually have a steeper head profile and less prominent vertical bars; in East Africa, the tailfin of C. rendalli is often divided into a brownish upper part and yellowish lower part, whereas that of C. zillii is uniform and spotted (Ref. 118638).
It prefers quiet, well-vegetated water along river littorals or backwaters, floodplains and swamps. They are tolerant of a wide range of temperatures (8-41°C) and salinities (Ref. 3, 7248, 118638). Forms schools; is mainly diurnal. Juveniles feed on plankton (Ref. 52307); adults feed on leaves and stems of underwater plants as well as algae, and vegetative detritus (Ref. 52307), insects and crustaceans. A substrate spawner; male and female form pairs to rear the young; eggs and larvae are usually guarded in a steep-side circular pit dug in the mud (Ref. 118638). Occasionally it spawns in large cave-like structures (Ref. 52307), e.g. in Lake Malawi they are reported to dig a network of tunnels at some sites (Ref. 118638). Make excellent eating (Ref. 5214). Widely exploited in fisheries and aquaculture (Ref. 118638).
Prefers a sloping spawning ground near the marginal fringe of vegetation (Ref. 3). Builds nest in shallow water where both parents guard the eggs and young.
Dunz, A.R. and U.K. Schliewen, 2013. Molecular phylogeny and revised classification of the haplotilapiine cichlid fishes formerly referred to as "Tilapia". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 68(1):64-80. (Ref. 93285)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Potential pest
Human uses
การประมง: การค้า; การเพาะเลี้ยงสัตว์น้ำ: การค้า; การตกปลาเป็นกีฬา: ใช่; สถานที่แสดงสัตว์และพืชน้ำ: การค้า
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01585 (0.01351 - 0.01859), b=3.00 (2.96 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
ระดับชั้นอาหาร (Ref.
69278): 2.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.4 (2.1 - 6.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 18
growth studies.
ความสามารถในการกลับคืนสู่ปกติ (Ref.
120179): ขนาดกลาง, เวลาต่ำสุดที่จะทำให้ประชากรเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 2 เท่าใช้เวลา 1.4 - 4.4 ปี (K=0.13-0.18; tmax=7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
