رده بندی / Names اسامي عام | مترادف | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, گونه ها) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

(كوسه ها و سپرماهيان) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Mobulidae (Devilrays)
Eponymy: Walter Heinrich Munk (1917–2019) was an Austrian-born American oceanographer. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range بوم شناسي

دريايي; اقیانوس رو (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق 0 - 15 m (Ref. 58018). Tropical; 32°N - 7°S, 114°W - 77°W (Ref. 114953)

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Eastern Pacific: From Gulf of California to Peru, incl. the Galapagos Is. (Ref. 130539).

Size / Weight / سن

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 220 cm WD جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 28023); common length : 100.0 cm WD جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 9256)

Pelagic species forming schools in coastal and oceanic waters, but also found near the bottom. Found singly, in small groups, or in schools (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans, but also takes small schooling fishes (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Gestation period unknown (Ref. 114953).

Life cycle and mating behavior بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).

مآخذ اصلی Upload your references | مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران

McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, 1995. Mobulidae. Mantas, diablos. p. 759-764. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9256)

وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

آسیب پذیر، به فهرست قرمز IUCN مراجعه کنید (VU) (A2d+3d); Date assessed: 09 November 2018

CITES

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix I & II: Endangered migratory species conserved through agreements

خطر برای انسان ها

Harmless

استفاده انسانی

ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري

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اطلاعات بيشتر

Trophic ecology
اقلام غذايي
تركيب غذايي
مصرف غذايي
Food rations
شکارچیان

Ecology
بوم شناسي

Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
نوسانات طولی
Mass conversion
بازسازی
فراواني

Life cycle
تولید مثل
بلوغ
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
تخم ریزی
Spawning aggregations
تخم ها
نمو تخم
توزاد ( لارو)
پويايي لاروي

Distribution
كشورها
مناطق سازمان خوار و بار جهاني (FAO)
Ecosystems
ظهور
معرفي
BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
منطقه آبششي
Brain
Otolith

Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)

Genetics
ژنتيك
Heterozygosity
وارث

Human related
Aquaculture systems
نمايه هاي آبزي پروري
نژادها
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
همكاران

Taxonomy
اسامي عام
مترادف
ريخت شناسي
ريخت ستجي بوسيله انداره گيري
عکس ها

References
مراجع

ابزارها

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منابع اينترنتي

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 22.2 - 28.5, mean 23.5 °C (based on 368 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.60 se; based on food items.

جهندگی (Ref. 120179): پايين ، كم, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 5/4 – 14 سال (Fec assumed to be <100).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).

طبقه قيمت (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Mobula munkiana Notarbartolo-di-Sciara, 1987