Elasmobranchii (tubarões e raias) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Potamotrygonidae (River stingrays) > Potamotrygoninae
Etymology: Potamotrygon: Greek, potamos = river + Greek, trygon = a sting ray (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Müller & Henle.
Issue
Authorship controversial, but follows Rosa (1985a) in crediting original species name to Müller & Henle and not to d’Orbigny. Species later redescribed by Müller & Henle (1841) based on five additional specimens, but these do not have type status (the action of Castex, 1969, in designating a lectotype is therefore not valid; Rosa, 1985a). May be confused in the literature with P. orbignyi (occurrences in French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela). Reproductive biology unknown. Additional references: Bertin (1939), Castex (1965); Achenbach & Achenbach (1976), Compagno & Cook (1995).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
; Água doce bentopelágico; dH range: 10 - ?; potamódromo (Ref. 51243). Subtropical; 24°C - 26°C (Ref. 12468)
South America: Paraná-Paraguay River basin.
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm WD macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 27188); peso máx. publicado: 15.0 kg (Ref. 27548)
Occurs in marshy zones where it is frequently found partially hidden in the sandy bottom. This behavior, associated with its perfect immobility and its capacity to undergo homochromy, makes it practically undetectable to the eye. Like all species of this family, P. hystrix has a tail which is equipped with one or more spines which fall spontaneously and are replaced 2 or 3 times a year. At a length of 4 to 6 cm, the spine is a barbed, flattened skeletal formation inserted dorsally in the middle portion of the tail. Its structure is similar to that of a tooth and appears as an ivory cone covered with enamel. The spine is coated with an extremely toxic mucus produced by the cells of the skin and inflicts very painful wounds (Ref. 27188).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: pouco comercial; Aquário: Aquários públicos
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Muito baixo(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população maior que 14 anos (Assuming Fec<10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
