Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 22 - 100 m (Ref. 58489). Temperate
Southwest Pacific: New Zealand.
आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 43.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 93092); common length : 30.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9258)
Inhabits shallow waters, generally at depth of less than 50 m, and to around 100 m (Ref. 9258). to . Juveniles gather in sheltered inshore waters, such as estuarine areas, shallow mudflats and sandflats, where they remain for up to two years (Ref. 9072).
Life cycle and mating behavior
परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | Fecundity | लार्वा
Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक; आखेट मत्स्य: हां
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10 - 18.2, mean 14.4 °C (based on 39 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00671 - 0.03258), b=2.92 (2.71 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 4.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (tmax=6; k=0.23-0.78).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).