分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Scorpaenoidei (Scorpionfishes)
燈籠魚目 (Scorpionfishes) >
Platycephalidae (Flatheads)
牛尾魚科 (Flatheads) (Flatheads)
Etymology: Cymbacephalus: Latin, cymba = boat + Greek, kephale = head (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Professor Lieven Ferdinand de Beaufort (1879–1968) (See Beaufort) (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 1 - 12 m (Ref. 90102), usually 2 - 3 m (Ref. 9790). 熱帶; 19°N - 23°S
Western Pacific: Philippines, Borneo, Moluccas, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Palau, and Yap Island to Ishigaki Island. Range extended to Mentawai Islands (Indonesia).
西太平洋: 菲律賓，婆羅洲，模里西斯，巴布亞新幾內亞，新加勒多尼亞，帛琉與雅普島島到石垣島。 範圍對明打威群島 (印尼) 延伸。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9710); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9790)
背棘 (总数) : 9 - 10; 背的软条 (总数) : 11; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 11. Small juveniles all black, gradually changing to the blotched pattern of the adult (Ref. 48635). Rear edge of maxilla ends well in front of eye. Prominent pit present behind upper eye. Preopercular spines short, usually 2, subequal. Infraorbital ridge usually smooth over eye. Suborbital ridge largely smooth, bearing 2 spines below eye. Oblique scale rows slanting backward above lateral line more or less equals number of lateral-line scales. Dermal papillae (10-12 in adults) on upper eye, some simple, some branched, longest not reaching supraorbital ridge. Interopercular flap usually broader than long, with several subdivisions.
小的稚鱼全黑的, 逐渐地变成成鱼的被大斑点的图案.(参考文献 48635) 颚骨的后缘在眼正前方结束。 突出的凹洞出现在眼睛上方后面。 前鳃盖骨棘短, 通常 2, 几乎相等的。 眶下的脊通常平滑的眼之上。 眶下骨脊非常平滑, 在眼之下生长着 2根棘。 斜的鳞片列向后倾斜在侧联机面约略等于侧线鳞片的数字。 在眼睛上方，一些单一又一些分枝上的表皮的乳突 (10-12 当成鱼时), 长的不达到眶上的脊。 间鳃盖骨盖通常宽度大于长度, 有一些细分。
Lives on sand or rubble substrates of sheltered or semi-exposed reefs to a depth of at least 8 m (Ref. 9710). Well camouflaged on reefs (Ref. 48635). Also found in coral reefs and mangrove area in about 1-12 m (Ref 90102).
生活在掩蔽或半裸露礁的沙子或碎石堆底部到深度至少 8 公尺。 (参考文献 9710) 在礁上善于伪装。 (参考文献 48635)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西太平洋: 菲律賓，婆羅洲，模里西斯，巴布亞新幾內亞，新加勒多尼亞，帛琉與雅普島島到石垣島。 範圍對明打威群島 (印尼) 延伸。
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人类利用
渔业: 自给性渔业
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27.8 - 29.3, mean 28.8 °C (based on 1532 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00525 (0.00315 - 0.00874), b=3.12 (2.97 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 46.7 [23.0, 116.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.631 [0.277, 1.412] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [15.9, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.116 [0.049, 0.325] g/100g; Selenium = 28 [14, 78] μg/100g; VitaminA = 130 [46, 351] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.916 [0.587, 1.443] mg/100g (wet weight);
