Ελασμοβράγχιοι (καρχαρίες και σαλάχια) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Myliobatidae (Eagle and manta rays)
Etymology: Myliobatis: Greek, mylo = mill + Greek, + Greek, batis,-idos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Christophe/Chrétien-Paulin de la Poix Chevalier de Fréminville (1787–1848) was a French naval officer and naturalist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Lesueur.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά); Υφάλμυρο βενθοπελαγικό; εύρος βάθους 0 - 100 m (Ref. 57911), usually 1 - 10 m. Subtropical; 43°N - 42°S, 97°W - 33°W
Western Atlantic: continental waters from Cape Cod to southeastern Florida (?) in the USA; also southern Brazil to Argentina (Ref. 58839). Reported (but not known for certain) from Gulf of Mexico, Florida and Caribbean islands, and northern South America. Often confused with Myliobatis goodei (Ref. 3173).
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm 65.0, range 60 - 70 cm
Max length : 129 cm WD αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 49746); common length : 70.0 cm WD αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 5217)
Disk broad with long sharply pointed wings and projecting snout. Tail very long, Few middorsal spines on disk in adults (Ref. 7251). Greyish, reddish chocolate or dusky brown above. Lower surface either pure white or whitish. Teeth green (Ref. 6902).
Found frequently in coastal waters to 10 m depth, mainly in shallow estuaries. Capable of traveling long distances, occasionally leaps out of the water. Swims in midwater. Cruises slowly over the bottom, rooting out bivalves with its beak and wings when feeding (Ref. 7251). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: περιορισμένης εμπορικότητας
Εργαλεία
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.2 - 28.1, mean 24.2 °C (based on 594 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00119 - 0.01269), b=3.08 (2.83 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Πολύ χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού > 14 έτη (Fec=4-8).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.7 [3.0, 78.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.619 [0.159, 1.673] mg/100g; Protein = 21.5 [16.5, 26.6] %; Omega3 = 0.259 [0.074, 0.765] g/100g; Selenium = 23.1 [6.7, 60.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.5 [4.4, 24.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.737 [0.363, 1.334] mg/100g (wet weight);
