Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
; المياه العذبة; مياه مخلوطة القاع; أسماك نازلة (Ref. 123463). Temperate; 10°S - 40°S
Oceania: Endemic to eastern and southern Australia.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 44894); common length : 40.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5259); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 10.0 kg (Ref. 5259); العمر: 40 سنين (Ref. 123463)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 9 - 10; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 8 - 11; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 7 - 9; فقرات: 25. Dark gray on back, becoming paler below with overall silvery sheen; lower sides and belly whitish; fins dusky brown to dark brown, darker distally (except pecorals).
An estuary-dependent catadromous fish inhabiting the tidal reaches of rivers, lakes and coastal lagoons where it is found (Ref. 7300, 123463); with salinities less than 1-2 ppt (Ref. 5259). Popular angling species that tends to swim near the bottom in deeper water. Feeds on small fishes, molluscs, worms, shrimps and other crustaceans. During winter (July and August) they move to the mouth of estuaries to breed (Ref. 44894). Individuals are long lived, reaching to more than 40 years (Ref. 123463). Oviparous, egg is pelagic (Ref. 5259) and hatches in 2-3 days. Male reaches maturity at a length of about 22 centimeters; female at about 28 centimeters (Ref. 44894).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Adults move downstream prior to spawning (Ref. 5259).
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00423 - 0.02842), b=3.05 (2.83 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفظ جدا, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أكثر من 14 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (57 of 100).
