分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) >
Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Colonel Henry Maurice Drummond Hay (1814–1896), was a noted illustrator, botanist, ichthyologist, and ornithologist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Goode & Bean.
Issue
Type locality: southern Florida and Pensacola, Florida.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 25 - 183 m (Ref. 5222), usually 60 - 120 m (Ref. 5222). 亞熱帶的; 36°N - 24°N, 98°W - 62°W (Ref. 5222)
Western Atlantic: Bermuda and the coast of the USA from North Carolina to the Florida Keys and in the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Reports from Cuba and the Bahamas are unsubstantiated.
西大西洋: 來自北卡羅萊那州到的百慕達群島與美國的海岸佛羅里達珊瑚礁與在北部與墨西哥灣東方中。 來自古巴與巴哈馬的報告是未證實的。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5222); 最大體重: 30.0 kg (Ref. 5222); 最大年齡: 45 年 (Ref. 93919)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 16; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 9.
Inhabits offshore rocky bottoms; most common between 60 and 120 m.
棲息於外海岩石底部; 最常見的在 60 與 120 公尺之間。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 來自北卡羅萊那州到的百慕達群島與美國的海岸佛羅里達珊瑚礁與在北部與墨西哥灣東方中。 來自古巴與巴哈馬的報告是未證實的。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.7 - 25.2, mean 22.1 °C (based on 19 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00659 - 0.01911), b=3.04 (2.90 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.13; tmax=25).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 33.9 [14.0, 78.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.783 [0.376, 1.829] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.8, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.292 [0.160, 0.530] g/100g; Selenium = 38.1 [17.9, 90.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.9 [4.7, 83.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.705 [0.451, 1.142] mg/100g (wet weight);
