分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Lonchurus: Greek, logche = lance + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 25 m (Ref. 5217). 熱帶
Western Atlantic: Colombia (Ref. 5217) to Brazil.
西大西洋: 哥倫比亞 (參考文獻 5217) 到巴西。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 32.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9626); common length : 27.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3702)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 32 - 34; 臀棘: 2; 臀鰭軟條: 7. Colour dark greyish above, yellowish to pale below. Pectoral fins long and jet black. Tips of pelvic and anal fins dark. Inside of gill cover black. Eye small, about 8 to 9 times in head length. Mouth small, inferior, enclosed under snout. Chin with 5 pores and many barbels, 3 to 4 pairs in a tuft around median mental pore, 15 or 16 pairs along median edges of lower jaws and subopercles. Pectoral fins greatly enlarged, extending beyond anal-fin base. Gas bladder narrow, about equal to head length, bearing anteriorly 2 pairs of appendages, anterior pair short and horn-like, lateral pair long, tube-like, extends to posterior end of gas bladder (Ref 51721).
顏色黑的略灰色的上方, 淡黃色的到腹面灰白的。 胸鰭長的與墨黑色。 腹鰭與臀鰭的頂端黑的。 在鰓蓋黑色之內。 眼小的, 大約 8 到 9 倍頭長。 嘴小的﹐下方的, 在吻下面封閉的。 下巴有 5個孔與許多觸鬚, 在中央的神經孔附近的一個簇中的 3 到 4 對,15 或者 16 對沿著下顎與子鰓蓋的中央邊緣。 胸鰭明顯增大, 延伸超過臀鰭基底。 氣鰾狹窄的, 大約等於頭長, 生長著前面 2 對附肢, 前面的對短與像觸角一樣又側面的對長的﹐管狀的, 延伸到氣鰾 (參考文獻 51721) 的後端.
Found over mud or mud-sand bottoms of estuaries and adjacent areas (Ref. 5217). Feeds on bottom-dwelling organisms, mainly worms. Marketed fresh and salted.
發現在泥或河口與毗連的區域泥-沙底部上了。 (參考文獻 5217) 吃底棲的生物, 主要地蠕蟲。 在市場上銷售生鮮地了與鹽醃的。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 哥倫比亞 (參考文獻 5217) 到巴西。
Chao, L.N., 1978. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3702)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27 - 28.3, mean 27.5 °C (based on 362 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00415 - 0.01744), b=3.08 (2.91 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.31 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
