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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة القاع; نطاق العمق 2 - 18 m (Ref. 1183). Subtropical; 39°N - 9°N, 98°W - 59°W
Western Atlantic: Maryland to northeastern Florida in the USA and throughout Gulf of Mexico. Reported from Campeche Bank in Mexico (Ref. 5733). Often misidentified as Cynoscion regalis (Ref. 3702).
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 15.8, range 14 - 17 cm
Max length : 36.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3702); common length : 25.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3702); العمر: 1.20 سنين (Ref. 31629)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 11; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 26 - 31; شوكة شرجية: 2; أشعه شرجية لينه: 8 - 11; فقرات: 27. Colour greyish above and changing abruptly to silvery below. Back and upper sides sometimes with very faint irregular rows of spots. Dorsal fin dusky, other fins pale to yellowish. Mouth large, oblique, lower jaw projecting. Upper jaw with a pair of large canine-like teeth at tip. Lower jaw with a row of sharp enlarged inner-row teeth, widely spaced. Chin without barbels or pores. Snout with 2 marginal pores. Gas bladder with a pair of straight, horn-like anterior appendages. Soft portion of dorsal fin covered with small scales on basal half of in (Ref 51721).
Occurs usually over sandy bottoms in inshore waters along beaches and in river mouths. Feeds mainly on crustaceans and fishes.
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.4 - 28, mean 26.8 °C (based on 492 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00776 - 0.01949), b=3.01 (2.88 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.22).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 88.6 [49.6, 178.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.932 [0.487, 1.800] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.33 [0.18, 0.55] g/100g; Selenium = 16 [8, 33] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.9 [5.9, 62.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.905 [0.638, 1.335] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
