分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings)
鯡形目 (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies)
鯷科 (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Anchoa: Italian ancioa = anchovy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水; 深度上下限 1 - 70 m (Ref. 189). 亞熱帶的; 44°N - 36°S, 98°W - 32°W (Ref. 189)
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA perhaps occasionally straying north to Maine or even Nova Scotia (Canada), south to Fort Pierce, Florida (but not Florida Keys) and at least northern Gulf of Mexico; also from Gulf of Venezuela south to Uruguay. Replaced by Anchoa colonensis in the West Indies.
西大西洋: 也許偶然地迷路的美國麻薩諸塞州北至緬因州或者平坦的新斯科舍省 (加拿大),南至堡壘皮爾斯, 佛羅里達 (但是不是佛羅里達珊瑚礁) 而在最少的墨西哥灣北部; 也從委內瑞拉灣南至烏拉圭。 在西印度群島被 Anchoa colonensis 取代了。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.3 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 37032); common length : 11.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 14 - 17; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 20 - 24. Snout pointed, about 3/4 eye diameter; maxilla long, tips pointed, reaching beyond hind border of pre-operculum, almost to gill opening; gill cover canals of panamensis-type. Anal fin origin below about midpoint of dorsal fin base. Anus nearer to anal fin origin than to pelvic fin tips. Silver stripe along flank (a dark line above) of uniform width, narrowed immediately behind band (Ref. 189). Back greenish, some yellowish on head. Melanophores outline all dorsal scales (Ref. 7251).
吻端尖的, 大約 3/4 眼直徑; 顎骨長的, 頂端尖的, 超過前鰓蓋的後部邊緣, 幾乎到鰓裂; panamensis 的鰓蓋運河-類型。 臀鰭起源背鰭基底的大約中點下面。 肛門較接近到臀鰭起源超過對腹鰭頂端。 銀色的斑紋沿著被狹窄的均勻寬度的側面 (一個黑色線條之上) 在條紋正後方.(參考文獻 189) 背面呈綠色的, 一些淡黃色的在頭部上。 黑色素細胞輪廓所有的背部鱗片.(參考文獻 7251)
Forms dense schools, often in shallow waters close to shore. Able to tolerate a wide range of salinities, from hypersaline to almost fresh. Feeds on copepods when young, then on gastropods, foraminifers and an occasional ostracods and annelid. Breeding was recorded in April through to July at Beaufort, North Carolina. Breeds in harbors, estuaries and sounds. Eggs are elliptical, transparent, without oil globule, the yolk appearing `cellular' (Ref. 189). Great variation. Principal parasites are nematodes and cestodes (Scolex polymorphus and Rhynchobothrium sp.) and trematodes (Distomum appendiculatum and Distomum sp). Marketed as food (Ref. 37032).
形成密集的魚群, 常見於淺水域中接近海岸。 從高鹽度到幾乎淡水,能容忍寬範圍的鹽度。 吃橈腳類的動物幼年時, 然後捕食腹足動物有孔蟲與偶而介形蟲與環節動物。 繁殖在北卡羅萊那州的碧佛經過到七月被記錄四月時。 繁殖於港灣，河口與聲音。 卵是橢圓的﹐透明的, 沒有油球，卵黃出現多孔的'.(參考文獻 189) 大的變化。 主要的寄生蟲是線蟲類與條蟲 ( 頭篩 polymorphus 與 Rhynchobothrium sp.) 與吸蟲 ( Distomum appendiculatum 與 Distomum sp) 。 在市場上銷售當作食物了。 (參考文獻 37032)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 也許偶然地迷路的美國麻薩諸塞州北至緬因州或者平坦的新斯科舍省 (加拿大),南至堡壘皮爾斯, 佛羅里達 (但是不是佛羅里達珊瑚礁) 而在最少的墨西哥灣北部; 也從委內瑞拉灣南至烏拉圭。 在西印度群島被 Anchoa colonensis 取代了。
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 24 August 2012
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15 - 28, mean 24.4 °C (based on 480 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00525 (0.00417 - 0.00661), b=3.15 (3.11 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (tm=1; Fec=5700).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 187 [107, 388] mg/100g; Iron = 1.73 [0.91, 3.05] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [15.8, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.514 [0.268, 0.972] g/100g; Selenium = 20.3 [9.1, 47.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.2 [3.4, 32.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.4 [1.0, 2.1] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
