Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ ກ່ຽວກັນຫີນ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 1 - 54 m (Ref. 9710). Subtropical; 38°N - 27°S, 99°W - 35°W (Ref. 189)
Western Atlantic: New York south to Miami (rare on the Gulf coast of Florida), Bermuda, Antilles, Trinidad and south to Brazil; also Venezuela to Panama, Yucatan and to northern Gulf of Mexico.
ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 5217); common length : 9.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 5217)
ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 0; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 14 - 16; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ
ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ
ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ
ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ
ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ
ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 0; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 21 - 23. Snout long and pointed, only slightly less than eye diameter; maxilla long, tip pointed, reaching almost to gill opening; gill cover canals of panamensis-type; pseudobranch longer than eye diameter, with 30 or more filaments, extending onto inner face of operculum. Pectoral fin with first ray not filamentous. Silver stripe along flank about equal to eye diameter, with dark line above it (Ref. 189). Melanophores evenly distributed, usually not forming a middorsal stripe. Iridescent golden spot on top of head (Ref. 7251).
A schooling species occurring in coastal waters. Feeds on plankton.
Life cycle and mating behavior
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ການປະມົງແບບກຸ້ມຕົນເອງ; ເຍື່ອ: usually
ເຄື່ອງມື
Special reports
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.9 - 28, mean 24.9 °C (based on 414 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00309 - 0.00776), b=3.13 (3.00 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref.
120179): ສູງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງໜ້ອຍກວ່າ 15 ເດືອນ (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 83.4 [39.7, 204.2] mg/100g; Iron = 1.02 [0.47, 2.06] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [15.7, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.27 [0.13, 0.57] g/100g; Selenium = 16.2 [6.8, 43.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 60.6 [16.0, 222.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.11 [0.67, 1.83] mg/100g (wet weight);
