分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Characiformes (Characins) >
Lebiasinidae (Pencilfishes) > Pyrrhulininae
Eponymy: Edward Drinker Cope (1840–1897) was an American palaeontologist, anatomist, herpetologist and ichthyologist. [...] Johann Paul Arnold (1869–1952) was a German aquarist in Hamburg. He sent specimens to Boulenger for study and identification. He co-wrote: The alien freshwater fish (1936). (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Regan.
Issue
Regan (1912) described three Copella species from the Atlantic coastal region between the mouth of the Orinoco in Venezuela and the mouth of the Amazon in Pará Brazil, C. arnoldi, C. carsevennensis, and C. eigenmanni. No recent review has been produced to clarify their identities or relationships. The ‘splash tetra’ has been in the aquarium trade for a long time. This species lays its eggs on the underside of leaves just above the water line and the adults, mainly the male, splash water on the eggs until they hatch. The breeding behavior of the other two species has not been recorded. Other species of the genus lay their eggs on leaves near the surface but under water. See Planquette, Keith and Le Bail, 1996:178, for notes on the fish in French Guyana.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 12. 熱帶; 25°C - 29°C (Ref. 1672)
South America: lower Amazon, coastal Guianas to mouth of the Orinoco River.
南美洲: 亞馬遜河下游,海岸的圭亞那。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 3.4 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 37104); 最大体重: 0.33 g (Ref. 125972)
Feeds on worms, insects and crustaceans (Ref. 7020).
吃蠕虫，昆虫与甲壳动物。 (参考文献 7020)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Deposits eggs on underside of objects above the water surface. Male in water splashes the clutch periodically (Ref. 7471). In the aquarium, male and female swim vertically to the surface, flick their tails and leap up to a leaf. Female lays from 5 to 8 eggs on the leaf and male fertilizes them immediately. This procedure is repeated several times until some hundreds of eggs have been laid. Male then keeps the eggs damp by flicking his tail to spray them with water. As eggs hatch, fry fall into the water (Ref. 7020).南美洲: 亞馬遜河下游,海岸的圭亞那。
Weitzman, M. and S.H. Weitzman, 2003. Lebiasinidae (Pencil fishes). p. 241-251. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 37104)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00692 (0.00380 - 0.01261), b=3.08 (2.92 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Females can lay hundreds of eggs (Ref.
7020)).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
