Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut bentopelagis; kisaran kedalaman ? - 350 m (Ref. 100719). Tropical
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea, off Indonesia to Japan and Hawaii.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 559)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 11; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 15; Duri dubur: 2; Sirip dubur lunak: 15. Body elongate and rounded. Adipose tissue around eye well-developed, with a rather undeveloped eyelid. Scales large, cycloid, and very deciduous.
Mesobenthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Considered rare but sometimes taken in large quantities by purse seine off Japan (Ref. 12862).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Oviparous, gonochorous, with pelagic eggs (Ref. 101194).
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: memiliki potensi kepentingan
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.5 - 18.9, mean 13.9 °C (based on 81 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01778 (0.01112 - 0.02843), b=2.87 (2.73 - 3.01), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).