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Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Grammatorcynus: Greek, gramma = signal, mark + Greek, rhyngchos = snout.
More on author: Rüppell.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển Cùng sống ở rạn san hô; Ở đại duơng, biển (Ref. 51243); Mức độ sâu 15 - 50 m (Ref. 86942). Subtropical; 31°N - 25°S, 32°E - 175°W (Ref. 168)
Indian Ocean: Red Sea eastward to the Andaman Sea. Western Pacific: Ryukyu Islands to the northern coasts of Australia, including the Marshall Islands and Fiji. Often confused in the literature with Grammatorcynus bicarinatus.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm 41.5, range 40 - 43 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm FL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 9684); common length : 50.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 5450); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 3.5 kg (Ref. 168)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 11 - 13; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 10 - 14; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 0; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 10 - 14. Mouth relatively small, upper jaw reaching about to middle of eye. Pectoral fins stout. Interpelvic process short and single. No prominent anterior corselet present. Swim bladder present. Vertebrae 14 precaudal plus 17 caudal, total 31 as in mackerel (Scomber and Rastrelliger).
Inhabits open water but often seen swimming near outer reef walls or deep clear-water slopes (Ref. 48637). Found mostly in shallow reef waters where it forms large schools. Feeds on crustaceans and fishes, particularly clupeoids (Sardinella, Thrissocles), and other fishes such as Sphyraena and Balistes. Marketed canned and frozen (Ref. 9684). Its flesh is mild and pleasantly flavored, but brushed with lemon juice prior to cooking to remove the ammonia-like smell (Ref. 9684).
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.6 - 29.1, mean 28.2 °C (based on 632 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00460 - 0.01984), b=3.06 (2.89 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.69 se; based on food items.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (89 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 15 [8, 33] mg/100g; Iron = 0.698 [0.368, 1.368] mg/100g; Protein = 22.3 [20.9, 23.7] %; Omega3 = 0.204 [0.117, 0.367] g/100g; Selenium = 18.2 [9.1, 38.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 47.6 [16.1, 154.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.491 [0.327, 0.753] mg/100g (wet weight);
