Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; havsvandrande; djupintervall 0 - 20 m. Subtropical; 51°N - 10°S, 98°W - 7°E
Western Atlantic: Gulf Stream waters off Massachusetts, USA to southern Brazil. Caribbean including Antilles (Ref. 26938). Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Liberia (Ref. 4498). Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951). Reported from Sao Tome Island (Ref. 34088).
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 32.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5217); common length : 25.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5217)
Generally found in surface waters near the coast (Ref. 5217). Capable of leaping out of the water and gliding for long distances above the surface (Ref. 3613).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver
Parin, N.V. and R.H. Gibbs Jr., 1990. Exocoetidae. p. 583-591. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4498)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.2 - 28, mean 26.2 °C (based on 456 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00288 - 0.01384), b=3.05 (2.85 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 260 [94, 524] mg/100g; Iron = 1.93 [0.97, 4.36] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.7, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.329 [0.149, 0.917] g/100g; Selenium = 21.3 [9.2, 45.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.5 [4.8, 65.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.921 [0.616, 1.412] mg/100g (wet weight);