分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 53 m (Ref. 9710). 亞熱帶的; 46°N - 45°S, 98°W - 33°W
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Maine to Florida, USA (possibly from Nova Scotia, Canada), along coasts of central and south America (Ref. 26938) to Uruguay, including Bermuda and Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 9626). Rare in Greater Antilles (Ref. 26938).
西大西洋: 緬因州到美國的佛羅里達 (可能地從加拿大新斯科舍省), 沿著海岸中央的與南美洲 (參考文獻 26938) 到烏拉圭, 包括百慕達群島與墨西哥灣.(參考文獻 9626) 稀有的在大安地列斯群島.(參考文獻 26938)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 48.3 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9626); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 2.1 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数) : 9; 背的软条 (总数) : 23; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 18. Pelvic fin small.
腹鳍小的。
Adults are found in shallow coastal waters, usually over hard or sandy bottoms. Juveniles may be encountered in estuarine areas (Ref. 9626) and off sandy beaches (Ref. 5217). Found in schools, but may be encountered in small groups or in pairs (Ref. 26235). Adults feed on small crabs, shrimps, fishes, and worms. Flesh has excellent flavor (Ref. 5521). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9710).
发现于沿岸浅水区了, 通常在坚硬的上面或砂质底部。 稚鱼在河口地区 (参考文献 9626) 与沙滩外中可能见到。 (参考文献 5217) 成群出现, 但是可能被形成小群鱼群或成对见到.(参考文献 26235) 吃小的螃蟹，虾，鱼，与蠕虫。 肉有优良的滋味。 (参考文献 5521) 在市场上销售生鲜地了。 (参考文献 9710)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 緬因州到美國的佛羅里達 (可能地從加拿大新斯科舍省), 沿著海岸中央的與南美洲 (參考文獻 26938) 到烏拉圭, 包括百慕達群島與墨西哥灣.(參考文獻 9626) 稀有的在大安地列斯群島.(參考文獻 26938)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.8 - 27.9, mean 24.2 °C (based on 648 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.01148 - 0.01446), b=2.95 (2.92 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 98.3 [55.1, 209.5] mg/100g; Iron = 1.33 [0.75, 2.58] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [17.4, 21.5] %; Omega3 = 0.43 [0.26, 0.73] g/100g; Selenium = 22 [12, 45] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10 [3, 30] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.709 [0.507, 1.020] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
