Family Leiognathidae - Slimys, slipmouths, or ponyfishes
Order : Acanthuriformes Leiognathidae
Class : Teleostei
No. in FishBase : Genera : 10 | Species : 53 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes
Environment : Fresh : Yes | Brackish : Yes | Marine : Yes
Division : Marine
Aquarium : none
First Fossil Record : middle   Tertiary     Oligocene Ref. Danil'chenko, P.G. 1960
Remark : Mainly marine; some species enter freshwater. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific; one species entered the Mediterranean through the Suez canal. Habitat: Common in shallow coastal waters and tidal creeks where they feed on benthic invertebrates. Morphology: Strongly compressed, slimy body. Scales small. Head naked, bearing bony ridges on upper surface. Gill membranes united with isthmus. Mouth small and very protractile. No teeth on palate. Pseudobranchiae absent. Dorsal fin continuous with 8 or 9 spines that are somewhat elevated, in the anterior portion; posterior portion with 14-16 soft rays. Three spines on anal fin. Dorsal and anal fin spines with a locking mechanism. A scaly sheath at the base of dorsal and anal fins. Vertebrae 22-23. All species have esophageal luminous organs. Also noted for their production of mucus (see common name). Use: Easily caught by trawls or beach seines; important artisanal food fish. Phylogeny: monophyly confirmed by Gill et al. (2019: Ref. YYY) in Acanthuriformes sensu Gill and Leis (2019: Ref: YYY) as redefined on the basis of larval and adult anatomical characters.
Etymology : Greek, leio = smooth, flat + Greek, gnathos = jaw ( Ref. 45335).
Reproductive guild : nonguarders
Typical activity level : normal
Main Ref. : Nelson, J.S. 1994
Coordinator : Nelson, J.S. 1994
Deep Fin Classification : Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Acanthopterygii | Percomorphaceae | Eupercaria | | | Chaetodontiformes | | | Leiognathidae

Show species images | Show valid names | Nominal species list | Identification keys | CAS specimen photos | References

Ref.
[ e.g. 9948 ]
Glossary
[ e.g. oophagy ]


Species/Synonymy list for the family Leiognathidae as currently in FishBase

Important recommendation:

The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.

Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.

But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.

Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.

This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).

The list ordered as follows:

Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.

Show all | Show only accepted name | Show only accepted and original names
Scientifc name Status Senior/Junior synonym Combination
Leiognathinae
Leiognathus equula (Forsskål, 1775)
acceptedseniornew
Scomber equula Forsskål, 1775
synonymseniororiginal
! Leiognathus equulus (Forsskål, 1775)
synonymseniornew
Scomber edentulus Bloch, 1795
synonymjuniororiginal
Equula edentula (Bloch, 1795)
synonymjuniornew
Leiognathus edentulus (Bloch, 1795)
synonymjuniornew
Leiognathus argenteus Lacepède, 1802
synonymjuniororiginal
Equula ensifera Cuvier, 1829
synonymjuniororiginal
Equula totta Cuvier, 1829
synonymjuniororiginal
Equula caballa Valenciennes, 1835
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Leiognathus brevirostris (Valenciennes, 1835)
acceptedseniornew
Equula brevirostris Valenciennes, 1835
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus parviceps (Valenciennes, 1835)
acceptedseniornew
Equula parviceps Valenciennes, 1835
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus robustus Sparks & Dunlap, 2004
acceptedseniororiginal
Aurigequula fasciata (Lacepède, 1803)
acceptedseniornew
Clupea fasciata Lacepède, 1803
synonymseniororiginal
Equula fasciata (Lacepède, 1803)
synonymseniornew
Leiognathus fasciatus (Lacepède, 1803)
synonymseniornew
! Aurigequula fasciatus (Lacepède, 1803)
synonymseniornew
Equula cara Cuvier, 1829
synonymjuniororiginal
Equula filigera Valenciennes, 1835
synonymjuniororiginal
Equula serrulifera Richardson, 1848
synonymjuniororiginal
Equula asina De Vis, 1884
synonymjuniororiginal
Secutor insiadiator (non Bloch, 1787)
misappliedmisappliednew
Secutor insidiator (non Bloch, 1787)
misappliedmisappliednew
Aurigequula longispinis (Valenciennes, 1835)
acceptedseniornew
Equula longispinis Valenciennes, 1835
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus longispinis (Valenciennes, 1835)
synonymseniornew
! Aurigequula longispina (Valenciennes, 1835)
synonymseniornew
Equula smithursti Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886
synonymjuniororiginal
Leiognathus smithursti (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)
synonymjuniornew
Aurigequula striata (James & Badrudeen, 1991)
acceptedseniornew
Leiognathus striatus James & Badrudeen, 1991
synonymseniororiginal
Gazzinae
Gazza minuta (Bloch, 1795)
acceptedseniornew
Scomber minutus Bloch, 1795
synonymseniororiginal
Equula minuta (Bloch, 1795)
synonymseniornew
! Gaza minuta (Bloch, 1795)
synonymseniornew
! Gazza minuata (Bloch, 1795)
synonymseniornew
Zeus argentarius Forster, 1801
synonymjuniororiginal
Gazza argentaria (Forster, 1801)
synonymjuniornew
Gazza equulaeformis Rüppell, 1835
synonymjuniororiginal
! Gazza equulasformis Rüppell, 1835
synonymjuniororiginal
! Gazza equuleformis Rüppell, 1835
synonymjuniororiginal
Gazza tapeinosoma Bleeker, 1853
synonymjuniororiginal
Equula dispar De Vis, 1884
synonymjuniororiginal
Gazza dispar (De Vis, 1884)
synonymjuniornew
Gazza dentex (Valenciennes, 1835)
acceptedseniornew
Equula dentex Valenciennes, 1835
synonymseniororiginal
Gazza minuta (non Bloch, 1795)
misappliedmisappliednew
Leiognathus minuta (non Bloch, 1795)
misappliedmisappliedmisapplied
Gazza achlamys Jordan & Starks, 1917
acceptedseniororiginal
Gazza shettyi Jayabalan, 1986
synonymjuniororiginal
Gazza rhombea Kimura, Yamashita & Iwatsuki, 2000
acceptedseniororiginal
Gazza minuta (non Bloch, 1795)
misappliedmisappliednew
Gazza achlamys (non Jordan & Starks, 1917)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Gazza squamiventralis Yamashita & Kimura, 2001
acceptedseniororiginal
acceptedseniornew
Zeus insidiator Bloch, 1787
synonymseniororiginal
Equula insidiator (Bloch, 1787)
synonymseniornew
synonymseniornew
Secutor insidiator (Bloch, 1787)
synonymseniornew
! Equula insidiatrix (Bloch, 1787)
synonymseniornew
! Secutor insiadiator (Bloch, 1787)
synonymseniornew
! Secutor insidator (Bloch, 1787)
synonymseniornew
! Secutor insidiatur (Bloch, 1787)
synonymseniornew
Deveximentum ruconius (Hamilton, 1822)
acceptedseniornew
Chanda ruconius Hamilton, 1822
synonymseniororiginal
Equula ruconius (Hamilton, 1822)
synonymseniornew
Leiognathus ruconius (Hamilton, 1822)
synonymseniornew
Secutor ruconius (Hamilton, 1822)
synonymseniornew
! Equula ruconia (Hamilton, 1822)
synonymseniornew
! Secutor ruconeus (Hamilton, 1822)
synonymseniornew
Deveximentum interruptum (Valenciennes, 1835)
acceptedseniornew
Equula interrupta Valenciennes, 1835
synonymseniororiginal
Secutor interruptus (Valenciennes, 1835)
synonymseniornew
Equula profunda De Vis, 1884
synonymjuniororiginal
Deveximentum indicium (Monkolprasit, 1973)
acceptedseniornew
Secutor indicius Monkolprasit, 1973
synonymseniororiginal
! Secutor indicus Monkolprasit, 1973
synonymseniororiginal
Secutor insidiator (non Bloch, 1787)
misappliedmisappliednew
Secutor ruconius (non Hamilton, 1822)
misappliedmisappliednew
Deveximentum hanedai (Mochizuki & Hayashi, 1989)
acceptedseniornew
Secutor hanedai Mochizuki & Hayashi, 1989
synonymseniororiginal
Deveximentum megalolepis (Mochizuki & Hayashi, 1989)
acceptedseniornew
Secutor megalolepis Mochizuki & Hayashi, 1989
synonymseniororiginal
Secutor ruconius (non Hamilton, 1822)
misappliedmisappliednew
Deveximentum mazavasaoka (Baldwin & Sparks, 2011)
acceptedseniornew
Secutor mazavasaoka Baldwin & Sparks, 2011
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus mazavasaoka (Baldwin & Sparks, 2011)
synonymseniornew
! Deveximentum mekranense Alavi-Yeganeh, Khajavi & Kimura, 2021
provisionally acceptedseniororiginal
Deveximentum mekranensis Alavi-Yeganeh, Khajavi & Kimura, 2021
synonymseniororiginal
Equulites leuciscus (Günther, 1860)
acceptedseniornew
Equula leuciscus Günther, 1860
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus leuciscus (Günther, 1860)
synonymseniornew
Photoplagios leuciscus (Günther, 1860)
synonymseniornew
Equulites novaehollandiae Staeindachner, 1879
synonymjuniororiginal
! Equulites novae Hollandiae Steindachner, 1879
synonymjuniororiginal
Equula longispina De Vis, 1884
ambiguoushomonymoriginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Leiognathus edwardsi Evermann & Seale, 1907
synonymjuniororiginal
Liognathus hastatus Ogilby, 1912
synonymjuniororiginal
Equulites berbis (Valenciennes, 1835)
acceptedseniornew
Equula berbis Valenciennes, 1835
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus berbis (Valenciennes, 1835)
synonymseniornew
Scomber equula minimus Forsskål, 1775
ambiguousquestionableoriginal
Equulites absconditus Chakrabarty & Sparks, 2010
synonymjuniororiginal
Leiognathus oblongus (non Valenciennes, 1835)
misappliedmisappliednew
Equulites lineolatus (Valenciennes, 1835)
acceptedseniornew
Equula lineolata Valenciennes, 1835
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus lineolatus (Valenciennes, 1835)
synonymseniornew
Photoplagios lineolatus (Valenciennes, 1835)
synonymseniornew
Equulites oblongus (Valenciennes, 1835)
acceptedseniornew
Equula oblonga Valenciennes, 1835
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus oblongus (Valenciennes, 1835)
synonymseniornew
Photoplagios oblongus (Valenciennes, 1835)
synonymseniornew
Equulites rivulatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
acceptedseniornew
Equula rivulata Temminck & Schlegel, 1845
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus rivulatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
synonymseniornew
Photoplagios rivulatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
synonymseniornew
Leiognathus edentulum (non Bloch, 1795)
misappliedmisappliedmisapplied
Equulites elongatus (Günther, 1874)
acceptedseniornew
Equula elongata Günther, 1874
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus elongatus (Günther, 1874)
synonymseniornew
Equulites klunzingeri (Steindachner, 1898)
acceptedseniornew
Equula klunzingeri Steindachner, 1898
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus klunzingeri (Steindachner, 1898)
synonymseniornew
Photoplagios klunzingeri (Steindachner, 1898)
synonymseniornew
Leiognathus mediterraneus Rhasis Erazi, 1943
synonymjuniororiginal
Equulites popei (Whitley, 1932)
acceptedseniornew
Macilentichthys popei Whitley, 1932
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus elongatus Smith & Pope, 1906
ambiguoushomonymoriginal
Equulites elongatus (non Günther, 1874)
misappliedmisappliednew
Leiognathus elongatus (non Günther, 1874)
misappliedmisappliednew
Macilentichthys elongatus (non Günther, 1874)
misappliedmisappliednew
Photoplagios elongatus (non Günther, 1874)
misappliedmisappliednew
! Leiognathus elongatum (non Günther, 1874)
misappliedmisappliednew
! Leiognathus elongus (non Günther, 1874)
misappliedmisappliednew
Equulites laterofenestra (Sparks & Chakrabarty, 2007)
acceptedseniornew
Photoplagios laterofenestra Sparks & Chakrabarty, 2007
synonymseniororiginal
Equulites aethopos Suzuki & Kimura, 2017
acceptedseniororiginal
Equulites macrolepis Suzuki, Osmany & Kimura, 2023
acceptedseniororiginal
Equulites ryukyuensis Kimura & Suzuki, 2023
acceptedseniororiginal
Eubleekeria splendens (Cuvier, 1829)
acceptedseniornew
Goomorah karah Russell, 1803
ambiguousotheroriginal
Equula splendens Cuvier, 1829
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus splendens (Cuvier, 1829)
synonymseniornew
! Leognathus splendens (Cuvier, 1829)
synonymseniornew
Equula gomorah Valenciennes, 1835
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Equula ovalis De Vis, 1884
synonymjuniororiginal
Eubleekeria ovalis (De Vis, 1884)
synonymjuniornew
Leiognathus ovalis (De Vis, 1884)
synonymjuniornew
Equula simplex De Vis, 1884
synonymjuniororiginal
Equula argentea De Vis, 1884
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Leiognathus devisi Whitley, 1929
synonymjuniororiginal
Leiognathus equula (non Forsskål, 1775)
misappliedmisappliednew
Equula caballa (non Valenciennes, 1835)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Leiognathus nuchalis (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
misappliedmisappliednew
Eubleekeria rapsoni (Munro, 1964)
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus indicus Singh & Talwar, 1978
synonymjuniororiginal
Eubleekeria jonesi (James, 1971)
acceptedseniornew
Leiognathus jonesi James, 1971
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus splendens (non Cuvier, 1829)
misappliedmisappliednew
Eubleekeria kupanensis (Kimura & Peristiwady, 2005)
acceptedseniornew
Leiognathus kupanensis Kimura & Peristiwady, 2005
synonymseniororiginal
Nuchequula blochii (Valenciennes, 1835)
acceptedseniornew
Equula blochii Valenciennes, 1835
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus blochii (Valenciennes, 1835)
synonymseniornew
! Leiognathus blochi (Valenciennes, 1835)
synonymseniornew
Leiognathus pan Wongratana, 1988
synonymjuniororiginal
Nuchequula pan (Wongratana, 1988)
synonymjuniornew
Leiognathus brevirostris (non Valenciennes, 1835)
misappliedmisappliednew
Nuchequula nuchalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
acceptedseniornew
Equula nuchalis Temminck & Schlegel, 1845
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus nuchalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
synonymseniornew
! Leiognathus nucleasis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
synonymseniornew
Nuchequula gerreoides (Bleeker, 1851)
acceptedseniornew
Leiognathus sp. Not applicable
synonymotherother
Equula gerreoides Bleeker, 1851
synonymseniororiginal
Equula decora De Vis, 1884
synonymjuniororiginal
Leiognathus decorus (De Vis, 1884)
synonymjuniornew
Nuchequula decora (De Vis, 1884)
synonymjuniornew
Equula brevirostris (non Valenciennes, 1835)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Leiognathus brevirostris (non Valenciennes, 1835)
misappliedmisappliednew
Equula nuchalis (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Nuchequula mannusella Chakrabarty & Sparks, 2007
acceptedseniororiginal
Nuchequula flavaxilla Kimura, Kimura & Ikejima, 2008
acceptedseniororiginal
Nuchequula glenysae Kimura, Kimura & Ikejima, 2008
acceptedseniororiginal
Leiognathus blochii (non Valenciennes, 1835)
misappliedmisappliednew
Nuchequula longicornis Kimura, Kimura & Ikejima, 2008
acceptedseniororiginal
Photopectoralis aureus (Abe & Haneda, 1972)
acceptedseniornew
Leiognathus aureus Abe & Haneda, 1972
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus lineolatus (non Valenciennes, 1835)
misappliedmisappliednew
Photopectoralis bindus (Valenciennes, 1835)
acceptedseniornew
Equula bindus Valenciennes, 1835
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus bindus (Valenciennes, 1835)
synonymseniornew
! Leiognatus bindus (Valenciennes, 1835)
synonymseniornew
synonymjuniororiginal
Photopectoralis hataii (Abe & Haneda, 1972)
acceptedseniornew
Leiognathus hataii Abe & Haneda, 1972
synonymseniororiginal
! Leiognathus hatai Abe & Haneda, 1972
synonymseniororiginal
Photopectoralis panayensis (Kimura & Dunlap, 2003)
acceptedseniornew
Leiognathus panayensis Kimura & Dunlap, 2003
synonymseniororiginal
Karalla daura (Cuvier, 1829)
acceptedseniornew
Equula daura Cuvier, 1829
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus daura (Cuvier, 1829)
synonymseniornew
Equula dacer Valenciennes, 1835
synonymjuniororiginal
Leiognathus gerroides (non Bleeker, 1851)
misappliedmisappliedmisapplied
Karalla dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1835)
acceptedseniornew
Equula dussumieri Valenciennes, 1835
synonymseniororiginal
Leiognathus dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1835)
synonymseniornew
Leiognathus equulus (non Forsskål, 1775)
misappliedmisappliednew
Photolateralis stercorarius (Evermann & Seale, 1907)
acceptedseniornew
Leiognathus stercorarius Evermann & Seale, 1907
synonymseniororiginal
Equulites stercorarius (Evermann & Seale, 1907)
synonymseniornew
Photoplagios stercorarius (Evermann & Seale, 1907)
synonymseniornew
Leiognathus elongatus (non Günther, 1874)
misappliedmisappliednew
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
synonymseniornew
synonymseniornew
Leiognathus berbis (non Valenciennes, 1835)
misappliedmisappliednew
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Equulites antongil (Sparks, 2006)
synonymseniornew
Photolateralis polyfenestrus Sparks & Chakrabarty, 2019
acceptedseniororiginal
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