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Common names:
Aluan, Aluan, Amanu
Occurrence:
introduced
Salinity:
freshwater
Abundance:
common (usually seen)
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Ref:
Importance:
commercial
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Ref:
Aquaculture:
commercial
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Ref:
Regulations:
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Ref:
Uses:
no uses
Comments:
Status to be confirmed; recorded as introduced (Ref. 6565). Known from Lagu Lagu creek and Layog River at Balinsasayao, Leyte in 1993 (Ref. 7223); Laguna de Bay (Ref. 80824); Lake Mainit (Ref. 4867, 50320, 13446, 81829); Lake Lanao, Lanao del Sur (Ref. 13446, 95183); Lake Sebu in Cotabato; Lake Balinsasayao in Negros Oriental, near Dumaguete (Ref. 2854); Lake Buluan (Ref. 13492); Naujan lake (Ref. 13446); Manguao Lake in a study in 2003, common in the littoral zone where the aquatic macrophytes are, they are carnivorous, scavengers and nocturnal (Ref. 50862); and Kalinawan River (Ref. 81829). Recorded from Candaba Swamp and Pampanga River (Ref. 109918). Fairly common in Lake Bombon (=Taal) (Ref. 12165, 13446) and reported as part of gill net catch composition in Talisay area, Taal Lake (Ref. 81207, 13446). Caught in Lake Manguao by gill net and by hook and line (Ref. 13489). Collected from CLSU fish pond, Nueva Ecija (Ref. 81820). An important food fish. Previously cultured in the past (Ref. 7306, 12548). Recorded as having been or being farmed in rice fields (Ref. 119549). Also Ref. 2847, 12547, 12744, 36654, 41236.
National Checklist:
Country Information:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences:
OccurrencesPoint map
Main Ref:
Bleher, H., 1996
National Database:
Asia: Pakistan to Thailand and south China. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Length at first maturity / Tamaño / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm18.0, range 23 - ? cm Max length : 100.0 cm SL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 2686); common length : 61.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 44091); peso máximo publicado: 3.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
Espinas dorsales (total) : 0; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 38 - 43; Espinas anales: 0; Radios blandos anales: 23 - 27. Body sub-cylindrical; head depressed; caudal fin rounded (Ref. 2847). The dorsal surface and sides is dark and mottled with a combination of black and ochre, and white on the belly; a large head reminiscent of a snake's head; deeply-gaping, fully toothed mouth; very large scales (Ref. 44091).
Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Adults inhabit ponds, streams and rivers, preferring stagnant and muddy water of plains (Ref. 41236). Found mainly in swamps, but also occurs in the lowland rivers. More common in relatively deep (1-2 m), still water. Very common in freshwater plains (Ref. 4515, 57235). Occur in medium to large rivers, brooks, flooded fields and stagnant waters including sluggish flowing canals (Ref. 12975). Recorded as having been or being farmed in rice fields (Ref. 119549). Survive dry season by burrowing in bottom mud of lakes, canals and swamps as long as skin and air-breathing apparatus remain moist (Ref. 2686) and subsists on the stored fat (Ref. 1479). Feed on fish, frogs, snakes, insects, earthworms, tadpoles (Ref. 1479) and crustaceans (Ref. 2847). Undertake lateral migration from the Mekong mainstream, or other permanent water bodies, to flooded areas during the flood season and return to the permanent water bodies at the onset of the dry season (Ref. 37770). During winter and dry season, its flesh around coelomic cavity is heavily infested by a larval trematode Isoparorchis hypselobargi. Other parasites infecting this fish include Pallisentis ophicephali in the intestine and Neocamallanus ophicepahli in the pyloric caecae (Ref. 1479). Processed into pra-hoc, mam-ruot, and mam-ca-loc (varieties of fish paste) in Kampuchea (Ref.4929). Perhaps the main food fish in Thailand, Indochina and Malaysia (Ref. 2686). Firm white flesh almost bone-free, heavy dark skin good for soup and usually sold separately (Ref. 2686). In Hawaiian waters the largest specimen taken reportedly exceeded 150 cm (Ref. 44091). Very economic important on both cultures and captures throughout southern and southeastern Asia (Ref. 57235).
Breeds in ditches, ponds and flooded paddy fields. Young shoal at the surface and are guarded by the male parent (Ref. 54793), hiding below the surface water (Ref. 1479). In captivity, as soon as the male bends its body close to the female during mating, milt is released following the release of the eggs (Ref. 45162).
