分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)
白眼鮫目 (Ground sharks) >
Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
白眼鮫科 (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Carcharhinus: karcharos (Gr.), sharp or jagged; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin (See ETYFish); plumbeus: Latin for “of lead,” i.e., lead-colored, referring to its gray-brown coloration above (See ETYFish).
More on author: Nardo.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 500 m (Ref. 100719), usually 20 - 65 m (Ref. 55188). 亞熱帶的; 23°C - 27°C (Ref. 244); 45°N - 41°S, 98°W - 154°W (Ref. 55188)
Widespread in tropical and warm-temperate waters worldwide.
西大西洋: 南麻薩諸塞州, 美國到巴西南部; 也墨西哥灣，巴哈馬，古巴與加勒比海南部與西部.(參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 葡萄牙到剛果, 包括地中海。 印度-太平洋: 範圍從紅海的分散的記錄, 波斯灣而且東非到夏威夷群島。 東太平洋: 雷維拉吉哥多島與加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 28023)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 166.3, range 126 - 183 cm
Max length : 300 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 124786); common length : 200 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9987); 最大体重: 117.9 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年龄: 34 年 (Ref. 92315)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 臀棘: 0. A stout shark with a moderately long, rounded snout, high, triangular, saw-edged upper teeth, and an interdorsal ridge; 1st dorsal fin very large and erect (Ref. 5578). Grey-brown or bronzy with no prominent markings, white below (Ref. 5578). Fins plain or with slightly dusky tips (Ref. 5485).
一矮胖的鲨鱼有一个中等长度的, 圆形的吻，高的，和三角形又边缘锯状的上颚齿 , 与一个间背脊; 第一背鳍非常大的而且竖立.(参考文献 5578) 灰褐色或青铜色没有突出的斑纹, 腹面白色的.(参考文献 5578) 鳍单色的或有略微暗色的尖端.(参考文献 5485)
Found inshore and offshore, on continental and insular shelves and adjacent deep water (Ref. 244). Common at bays, river mouths and in harbors; avoids sandy beaches and the surf zone, coral reefs and rough bottom, and surface waters (Ref. 244). Coastal-pelagic, but usually bottom associated at 1-280 m (Ref. 58302). Sometimes in oceanic waters (Ref. 9997). Known to make extended seasonal migrations in some parts of its range (Ref. 6871). Feeds mainly on bony fishes, also small sharks, cephalopods, and shrimps (Ref. 5578), rays and gastropods (Ref. 5213). Youngs feed heavily on crustaceans such as blue crabd and mantis shrimp (Ref. 93252). Viviparous (Ref. 50449). Sexual dimorphism is evident in thickness of skin layer of maturing and adult females (Ref. 49562). Females live as long as 21 year; males 15 years (Ref. 27549). Populations are segregated by age. Young readily kept in aquaria (Ref. 244). Utilized for human consumption, for leather and oil (Ref. 244). Marketed fresh, smoked, dried-salted and frozen; fins are valued for soup (Ref. 9987). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166). Records to 300 cm TL uncertain (Ref. 9997). TL to 300 cm (Ref. 26938). Angling: an inshore fish and a good light-tackle fighter (Ref. 84357).
发现于岸边了与外海, 在大陆架与岛屿棚与毗连的深水域上.(参考文献 244) 普遍于海湾, 河口与在港湾中; 避开沙滩与海浪区，珊瑚礁与粗糙的底部 , 与水表面。 (参考文献 244) 有时在大洋性水域中.(参考文献 9997) 已知在它的分布范围的一些部份中作扩大的季节性的回游.(参考文献 6871) 主要吃硬骨鱼类，也捕食小的鲨鱼，头足类动物与虾 (参考文献 5578) ，鳍条与腹足动物。 (参考文献 5213) 胎生的.(参考文献 50449) 性的同种二形成熟在皮肤层的厚度是显着的与雌性成鱼.(参考文献 49562) 族群被年龄分离。 幼鱼轻易地保存于水族馆了。 (参考文献 244) 供人类食用, 用做皮革与油.(参考文献 244) 在市场上销售生鲜、烟熏, 乾燥盐腌与冷冻; 鳍被认为有价值的用于煮汤。 (参考文献 9987) 被用于中药材了。 (参考文献 12166) 对 300 公分TL 记录不确定的.(参考文献 9997) 体全长到 300 公分.(参考文献 26938)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Viviparous (Ref. 26281), placental (Ref. 50449), 1-14 pups in a litter; 56-75 cm at birth (Ref. 2334); gestation period of 12 months (Ref.58048). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Sexual dimorphism is evident in the thicker skin layer of maturing and adult females (Ref. 49562). This thickened skin may serve as protection from the 'bites' the female species receive from the males during precopulation and in the rugged conditions of the rock and coral environment where they live (Ref. 49562). Pups are born from Feb. to April in Northeastern Taiwan (Ref. 37027).西大西洋: 南麻薩諸塞州, 美國到巴西南部; 也墨西哥灣，巴哈馬，古巴與加勒比海南部與西部.(參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 葡萄牙到剛果, 包括地中海。 印度-太平洋: 範圍從紅海的分散的記錄, 波斯灣而且東非到夏威夷群島。 東太平洋: 雷維拉吉哥多島與加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 28023)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
濒危 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 03 December 2020
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.6 - 28.9, mean 27 °C (based on 3224 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00468 (0.00385 - 0.00569), b=3.07 (3.03 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (rm=0.028; K=0.05-0.09; tm=12-16; tmax=34; Fec=5-12).
Prior r = 0.07, 95% CL = 0.05 - 0.10, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (87 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 7.18 [1.02, 43.19] mg/100g; Iron = 0.476 [0.121, 1.485] mg/100g; Protein = 21.4 [18.5, 23.8] %; Omega3 = 0.302 [0.118, 0.686] g/100g; Selenium = 28.7 [8.8, 93.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.2 [5.6, 67.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.54 [0.25, 1.03] mg/100g (wet weight);
