分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps)
鯉形目 (Carps) >
Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps)
鯉科 (Minnows or carps) > Smiliogastrinae
Etymology: Hampala: Local name from Java; in Van Hasselt, "Poissons of Java", 1823.
More on authors: Kuhl & VanHasselt.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 22°C - 25°C (Ref. 2059)
Asia: Mekong and Chao Phraya basins, Malay Peninsula and Indonesia.
亞洲: 湄公河與湄南河流域，馬來半島與印尼。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 18 - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2686); common length : 35.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12693)
背的軟條 (總數) : 11; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Has a black bar between the dorsal and pelvic fins in adults; orange to red caudal fin with a black longitudinal, marginal stripe along each lobe; juveniles usually with an additional vertical bar on the caudal peduncle (Ref. 27732); juveniles with black teardrop-shaped marking on cheek; barbel always longer than eye width (Ref. 12693). Eyes located in upper-side of head; with a vertical groove reaching behind mouth in isthmus; branchial membranes connected and free (Ref. 45536).
有一個在背部與腹鰭之間的黑色橫帶當成魚時; 橘色的對紅色尾鰭有一條黑色的縱向又邊緣的斑紋沿著每個葉; 稚魚在尾梗上通常有一個附加的縱帶;(參考文獻 27732) 稚魚有黑色的淚滴-在頰上的形狀斑紋; 觸鬚總是長度超過眼寬度.(參考文獻 12693) 眼位於了頭部的上側面; 具有一個在峽部達到在後嘴的垂直的凹槽; 鰓蓋膜連接了而且分離。 (參考文獻 45536)
Occurs mainly in clear rivers or streams with running water and sandy to muddy bottoms (Ref. 4832). Found in most water bodies, except small creeks, torrents, and shallow swamps (Ref. 27732, 57235). A migratory species (Ref. 37772). Enters flooded forest (Ref. 9497). Abundant in the Mekong and in the Nam Ngum Reservoir. Found in the basin-wide tributary of the lower Mekong (Ref. 36667). Largest individual believed to be in a pool below the Chendoroh Dam in Perah, Malaysia. A predatory fish: adults mainly piscivorous in Zoo Negara Lake, Malaysia, but in Saguling Reservoir, West Java, 74 % of the diet consists of aquatic insects. Breeds throughout the rainy season (Ref. 12693). Good fish though bony. May be made into `Lap pa'. Marketed fresh (Ref. 12693). Commonly seen in markets; economic important foodfish (Ref. 57235).
用流動的水與砂質或泥質底部主要生活在清澈的河或溪流。 (參考文獻 4832) 除了小溪，奔流與淺灘沼澤以外, 發現於大多數的水體了。 (參考文獻 27732) 一個迴游的種.(參考文獻 37772) 進入被水淹沒的森林。 (參考文獻 9497) 豐富的在湄公河與老撾河水庫。 發現於下面湄公河的整個流域支流了。 (參考文獻 36667) 在一個水池中被相信到的大的個體在 Perah ，馬來西亞是在 Chendoroh 水壩之下。 一個掠食性的魚: 成魚主要以魚為食的在動物園 Negara 湖，馬來西亞中, 但是在 Saguling 水庫，爪哇西方部， 74% 的食性由水生昆蟲組成。 繁殖貫穿整個雨季。 (參考文獻 12693) 好魚雖然多骨。 可能是製成lap pa'. 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。 (參考文獻 12693)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
亞洲: 湄公河與湄南河流域，馬來半島與印尼。
Roberts, T.R., 1989. The freshwater fishes of Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia). Mem. Calif. Acad. Sci. 14:210 p. (Ref. 2091)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 February 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00920 - 0.01248), b=3.01 (2.97 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.8 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.68; Fec=7,132).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 132 [79, 276] mg/100g; Iron = 1.72 [1.04, 2.76] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.6, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.537 [0.225, 1.290] g/100g; Selenium = 82 [34, 175] μg/100g; VitaminA = 61.9 [20.4, 194.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.11 [0.78, 1.62] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
