分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 100 m (Ref. 115829), usually 0 - 30 m (Ref. 5217). 亞熱帶的; 11°C - 31°C (Ref. 47167); 40°N - 34°S, 117°W - 34°W
Eastern Central Pacific: Baja California to Peru (Ref. 9330); Northwestern Central Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Chesapeake Bay, USA to the Antilles and southern Brazil.
西大西洋: 到切薩皮克海灣的加拿大 (參考文獻 5951), 美國到安地列斯群島與巴西南部。 東太平洋: 下加利福尼亞到祕魯.(參考文獻 9330)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 8.5, range 8 - ? cm
Max length : 22.4 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 131022); common length : 15.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 117.40 g (Ref. 131022); 最大年齡: 1.21 年 (Ref. 47359)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 73 - 87; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 57 - 68.
Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms (Ref. 9330). Common in estuaries (Ref. 9330). Feeds on big, benthic invertebrates and small fishes (Ref. 9330). Utilized fresh (Ref. 9330).
棲息於沙泥底。 (參考文獻 9330) 常見於河口。 (參考文獻 9330) 吃大又底棲的無脊椎動物與小魚。 (參考文獻 9330) 生鮮使用.(參考文獻 9330)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 101737). Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Females produce numerous eggs in multiple spawnings during a prolonged spawning period (Ref. 101737).西大西洋: 到切薩皮克海灣的加拿大 (參考文獻 5951), 美國到安地列斯群島與巴西南部。 東太平洋: 下加利福尼亞到祕魯.(參考文獻 9330)
Figueiredo, J.L. and N.A. Menezes, 2000. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. VI.Teleostei (5). Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Brazil. 116 p. (Ref. 36453)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 29 January 2013
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
工具
特別的報告
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.1 - 28, mean 25.7 °C (based on 862 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00660 - 0.01048), b=3.10 (3.03 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (tmax=1.2; k >0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 191 [89, 438] mg/100g; Iron = 1.64 [0.75, 3.24] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.6, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.244 [0.120, 0.523] g/100g; Selenium = 36.6 [16.0, 86.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.61 [1.15, 21.44] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.06 [0.66, 1.63] mg/100g (wet weight);
