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Genyonemus lineatus (Ayres, 1855)

White croaker
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Genyonemus lineatus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Genyonemus lineatus (White croaker)
Genyonemus lineatus
Picture by Gotshall, D.W.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Genyonemus: Greek, geny, -yos = face, jaw + Greek, nema = filament (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ayres.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; benthopelagic; depth range ? - 183 m (Ref. 2850), usually ? - 30 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical; 49°N - 24°N, 129°W - 111°W

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: Canada (Barkley Sound in British Columbia) to Mexico (southern Baja California; rare north of California, USA.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm 14.0, range 13 - 15 cm
Max length : 41.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2850); max. reported age: 15 years (Ref. 56049)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 13 - 16; Dorsal soft rays (total): 21 - 24; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 11 - 12; Vertebrae: 25. Pelvic fins with fleshy appendage at base, first ray with free thread-like tip.

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Found over sandy bottoms (Ref. 9118). Feed on polychaetes, small shrimps, crabs and mollusks (Ref. 9118). Oviparous, multiple pelagic spawner (Ref. 51256).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

A multiple spawner (Ref. 51256).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 10 October 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes
FAO - Fisheries: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items
Diet composition
Food consumption
Food rations
Predators
Ecology
Ecology
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
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Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Distribution
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BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
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Physiology
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Nutrients
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Genetics
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Stamps, coins, misc.
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Taxonomy
Common names
Synonyms
Morphology
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References
References

Tools

Bio-Quiz | E-book | Field guide | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map | Classification Tree | Catch-MSY |

Special reports

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Fisheries: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | OceanAdapt | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 7.7 - 18.1, mean 10.7 °C (based on 104 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00561 - 0.01865), b=3.09 (2.94 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.4   ±0.49 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref. 120179):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=1; tmax = 15; Min batch fecundity = 800).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Low.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 69.8 [38.0, 140.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.96 [0.47, 1.73] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.359 [0.193, 0.603] g/100g; Selenium = 38.2 [20.4, 77.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.9 [3.9, 48.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.82 [0.58, 1.21] mg/100g (wet weight);