Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; payau dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 0 - 60 m (Ref. 3702), usually ? - 25 m (Ref. 9626). Subtropical; 11°N - 40°S
Western Atlantic: Venezuela to northern Argentina.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 23.7, range 18 - 46 cm
Max length : 53.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 54990); common length : 35.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3702); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 109.60 g (Ref. 118626)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 11; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 29; Duri dubur: 2; Sirip dubur lunak: 8 - 9.
Found over mud or sandy mud bottoms in coastal waters to about 60 m depth. Juveniles abundant in estuaries and tidal mud flats. Feeds on shrimps and fishes (Ref. 9626). Important food fish.
Chao, L.N., 1978. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3702)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.4 - 27.8, mean 20.7 °C (based on 238 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00708 (0.00656 - 0.00764), b=3.05 (3.03 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.65 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.44; tm=3; tmax=7).
Prior r = 0.72, 95% CL = 0.47 - 1.07, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 80 [44, 160] mg/100g; Iron = 1.06 [0.56, 1.87] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.8, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.375 [0.187, 0.777] g/100g; Selenium = 21.7 [11.4, 43.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.9 [7.2, 70.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.774 [0.547, 1.132] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.