Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθοπελαγικό; ωκεανόδρομο(ς) (Ref. 51243); εύρος βάθους ? - 120 m (Ref. 11230). Subtropical; 41°N - 22°N, 117°E - 141°E (Ref. 54561)
Northwest Pacific: Yellow and East China seas.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm 18.1  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 559); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 189.80 g (Ref. 124479); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 23 έτη
Short description
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 10 - 11; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 31 - 36; Εδρικές άκανθες: 2; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 9 - 10; Σπόνδυλοι: 28 - 30. Body gold when fresh. Soft-rayed portions of dorsal and anal fins mostly covered with scales. Posterior part of pectoral fin not black. Anal soft rays usually 9 (Ref. 41299).
Found in the sublittoral zone above 120 m in sandy mud bottoms (Ref. 11230). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
Trewavas, E., 1977. The sciaenid fishes (croakers or drums) of the Indo-west Pacific. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 33:253-541. (Ref. 5369)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: πολύ εμπορικό; Ενυδρείο: Εμπορικό(ά)
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 9.4 - 24.2, mean 16.7 °C (based on 107 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00813 - 0.00977), b=3.08 (3.06 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.0 (2.2 - 6.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (Tmax=3-23; K=0.2-0.7).
Prior r = 0.70, 95% CL = 0.46 - 1.05, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 64.2 [35.8, 124.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.932 [0.475, 1.651] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.6, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.345 [0.178, 0.576] g/100g; Selenium = 29.6 [16.1, 59.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.4 [9.3, 99.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.742 [0.538, 1.065] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.