Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; payau; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 10 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical
Indo-West Pacific: tropical waters.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 61.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 117080); common length : 30.0 cm FL jantan/; (Ref. 3287)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 9; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 23 - 27; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 20 - 23.
Adults are common in shallow coastal waters where it often swims near the surface. They form dense schools on clear inner reefs, swimming high above substrate (Ref. 48635). They feed chiefly on shrimps, copepods, decapods and small fishes (Ref. 30573, 90102).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.8 - 29.2, mean 28.5 °C (based on 2765 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00721 - 0.01828), b=2.90 (2.77 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.55 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 146 [81, 356] mg/100g; Iron = 1.6 [0.9, 3.1] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.4, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.232 [0.126, 0.448] g/100g; Selenium = 29.1 [14.4, 61.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.4 [4.7, 49.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.34 [0.94, 1.93] mg/100g (wet weight);
